Table 4.

Main and interactive effects of negative affectivity and rumination

Anxious arousal symptoms (IDAS; n = 242)
	β	t	p	R2 change
Step 1
Gender	0.01	0.13	0.900
Age	−0.01	−0.12	0.901
Years in the USA	0.01	0.13	0.893
Marital status	−0.13	−1.95	0.053
Education	−0.17**	−2.70	0.008
Employment status	0.09	1.34	0.181	0.05
Step 2
Negative affectivity (PANAS-NA)	0.35***	5.90	<0.001
Rumination (RRS)	0.36***	5.87	<0.001	0.38***
Step 3
Negative affectivity*rumination (PANAS-NA*RRS)	0.77**	2.81	0.005	0.02**
Number of mood/anxiety disorders (MINI; n = 245)
	β	t	p	R2 change
Step 1
Gender	0.04	0.55	0.584
Age	0.02	0.34	0.734
Years in the USA	0.01	0.11	0.912
Marital status	−0.09	−1.44	0.150
Education	−0.04	−0.68	0.499
Employment status	0.04	0.63	0.527	0.01
Step 2
Negative affectivity (PANAS-NA)	0.34***	5.06	<0.001
Rumination (RRS)	0.26***	3.81	<0.001	0.27***
Step 3
Negative affectivity*rumination (PANAS-NA*RRS)	0.78*	2.57	0.011	0.02*
Disability (SDS; n = 242)
	β	t	p	R2 change
Step 1
Gender	−0.01	−0.18	0.856
Age	−0.01	−0.08	0.938
Years in the USA	0.04	0.61	0.545
Marital status	−0.07	−1.15	0.253
Education	−0.12	−1.85	0.066
Employment status	0.07	0.98	0.328	0.03
Step 2
Negative affectivity (PANAS-NA)	0.37***	5.85	<0.001
Rumination (RRS)	0.30***	4.76	<0.001	0.34***
Step 3
Negative affectivity*rumination (PANAS-NA*RRS)	1.28***	4.58	<0.001	0.05***

IDAS Inventory for Depression and Anxiety Symptoms, PANAS-NA Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Negative Affectivity, RRS Ruminative Response Scale, MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, SDS Sheehan Disability Scale

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^***p < 0.001.