Table 3.
Subgroup analyses assessing the associations between physical activity patterns and anxiety, with “inactive” participants as reference
| Characteristics | Inactive | Insufficiently active | Weekend warrior | Regularly active | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Gender | 0.387 | ||||
| Male | ref | 0.70 (0.55, 0.88) | 0.76 (0.54, 1.07) | 0.86 (0.75, 0.98) | |
| Female | ref | 0.73 (0.61, 0.88) | 0.58 (0.36, 0.93) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.89) | |
| Age group | 0.141 | ||||
| 20–40 years | ref | 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) | 0.60 (0.43, 0.83) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | |
| 40–60 years | ref | 0.79 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.81 (0.47, 1.39) | 0.65 (0.51, 0.82) | |
| ≥ 60 years | ref | 0.64 (0.49, 0.85) | 0.99 (0.39, 2.52) | 0.75 (0.54, 1.03) | |
| Race | 0.453 | ||||
| Mexican American | ref | 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) | 1.00 (0.59, 1.69) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.94) | |
| Other Hispanic | ref | 0.70 (0.48, 1.02) | 0.28 (0.10, 0.75) | 0.77 (0.58, 1.02) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | ref | 0.68 (0.58, 0.80) | 0.67 (0.45, 0.98) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.91) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | ref | 0.97 (0.74, 1.27) | 0.73 (0.45, 1.21) | 0.91 (0.75, 1.11) | |
| Other Races | ref | 0.96 (0.49, 1.88) | 1.07 (0.47, 2.44) | 0.83 (0.51, 1.34) | |
| Education level | 0.688 | ||||
| Less than 9th grade | ref | 0.75 (0.42, 1.34) | 0.74 (0.25, 2.23) | 0.75 (0.44, 1.29) | |
| 9−11th grade (Includes 12th grade with no diploma) | ref | 0.80 (0.54, 1.20) | 0.61 (0.28, 1.30) | 0.64 (0.44, 0.92) | |
| High school graduate or general educational development certificate | ref | 0.81 (0.61, 1.08) | 0.50 (0.28, 0.89) | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) | |
| Undergraduate | ref | 0.61 (0.48, 0.78) | 0.78 (0.47, 1.29) | 0.78 (0.60, 1.00) | |
| Graduate | ref | 0.82 (0.60, 1.11) | 0.83 (0.48, 1.42) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | |
| Marital status | 0.275 | ||||
| Married or living with partner | ref | 0.69 (0.57, 0.83) | 0.82 (0.55, 1.24) | 0.80 (0.68, 0.95) | |
| Widowed, divorced, separated or never married | ref | 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.78) | 0.74 (0.62, 0.89) | |
| PIR | 0.018 | ||||
| < 1 | ref | 0.83 (0.64, 1.09) | 0.52 (0.33, 0.83) | 0.68 (0.54, 0.85) | |
| [1, 3) | ref | 0.61 (0.49, 0.77) | 0.54 (0.37, 0.79) | 0.59 (0.48, 0.72) | |
| ≥ 3 | ref | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.60, 1.43) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) | |
| BMI | 0.499 | ||||
| < 25 | ref | 0.77 (0.59, 1.00) | 0.76 (0.48, 1.19) | 0.79 (0.65, 0.95) | |
| [25, 30) | ref | 0.57 (0.42, 0.77) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) | |
| ≥ 30 | ref | 0.82 (0.62, 1.08) | 0.56 (0.33, 0.94) | 0.79 (0.62, 1.00) | |
| Smoking status | 0.060 | ||||
| No | ref | 0.75 (0.62, 0.91) | 0.90 (0.62, 1.31) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.07) | |
| Yes | ref | 0.70 (0.58, 0.84) | 0.53 (0.37, 0.77) | 0.68 (0.57, 0.81) | |
| Alcohol status | 0.313 | ||||
| No | ref | 0.75 (0.56, 1.00) | 0.96 (0.48, 1.92) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) | |
| Yes | ref | 0.71 (0.61, 0.82) | 0.65 (0.47, 0.89) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.86) | |
| Sleep duration | 0.728 | ||||
| < 7 h | ref | 0.61 (0.46, 0.81) | 0.63 (0.45, 0.89) | 0.74 (0.61, 0.90) | |
| [7,9) hours | ref | 0.79 (0.64, 0.97) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.14) | 0.80 (0.66, 0.97) | |
| ≥ 9 h | ref | 0.93 (0.54, 1.61) | 1.13 (0.36, 3.55) | 0.89 (0.61, 1.30) | |
| Hypertension | 0.526 | ||||
| No | ref | 0.71 (0.60, 0.86) | 0.71 (0.51, 0.98) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) | |
| Yes | ref | 0.74 (0.58, 0.93) | 0.66 (0.37, 1.17) | 0.68 (0.53, 0.87) | |
| Diabetes | 0.030 | ||||
| No | ref | 0.75 (0.66, 0.87) | 0.73 (0.53, 1.00) | 0.82 (0.71, 0.94) | |
| Yes | ref | 0.53 (0.38, 0.75) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.74) | 0.50 (0.32, 0.76) |
BMI, body mass index; PIR, Ratio of family income to poverty
All models were adjusted for gender, age group, race, education level, marital status, PIR, BMI, smoking, alcohol, sleep duration, hypertension, and diabetes