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. 2025 Feb 25;23:118. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-03857-x

Table 5.

Association of DSI in 2013 with 10 chronic diseases and multimorbidity new-onset risk and association of DSI transition patterns from 2011 to 2013 with 10 chronic diseases and multimorbidity new-onset risk in the CHARLS cohort

DSI in 2013 DSI Change Pattern
NoDSI-DSI vs NoDSI-DSI DSI-NoDSI vs NoDSI-NoDSI DSI-DSI vs NoDSI-NoDSI
aHR(95%CI) P aHR(95%CI) P aHR(95%CI) P aHR(95%CI) P
Heart diseases 1.32(1.12–1.55)  < 0.001 1.21(0.95–1.55) 0.130 1.29(0.99–1.68) 0.061 1.59(1.29–1.95) < 0.001
Hypertensiona 1.09(0.96–1.24) 0.180 1.17(0.98–1.40) 0.084 1.22(1.01–1.49) 0.044 1.17(1.00–1.38) 0.052
Stroke 1.12(0.89–1.40) 0.324 1.13(0.79–1.60) 0.510 1.54(1.09–2.19) 0.016 1.45(1.08–1.95) 0.012
DM/Hglub 1.27(1.06–1.52) 0.010 1.25(0.96–1.64) 0.102 1.47(1.11–1.96) 0.007 1.60(1.27–2.01) < 0.001
Liver disease 1.07(0.82–1.39) 0.632 0.88(0.57–1.34) 0.548 1.47(0.97–2.21) 0.068 1.45(1.04–2.02) 0.030
Kidney disease 1.29(1.02–1.63) 0.037 1.37(0.98–1.93) 0.069 1.29(0.88–1.89) 0.189 1.44(1.06–1.94) 0.019
Chronic lung disease 1.42(1.16–1.73)  < 0.001 1.52(1.14–2.04) 0.005 1.48(1.07–2.05) 0.019 1.71(1.32–2.21) < 0.001
Memory-related disease 1.47(1.09–1.98) 0.012 1.57(1.00–2.49) 0.052 1.63(1.00–2.65) 0.049 1.92(1.29–2.85) 0.001
Asthma 1.72(1.19–2.49) 0.004 1.55(0.93–2.58) 0.097 0.89(0.46–1.72) 0.726 1.71(1.09–2.69) 0.020
ENP 1.25(0.84–1.87) 0.266 1.37(0.74–2.56) 0.319 1.78(0.94–3.34) 0.076 1.72(1.01–2.93) 0.045
Multimorbidity 1.22(1.09–1.37)  < 0.001 1.23(1.05–1.44) 0.011 1.21(1.02–1.45) 0.032 1.36(1.18–1.56) < 0.001

All calculated aHRs (95% CI) considered the adjustment for confounding factors including age, sex, BMI, residence registration status, marital status, smoke, drink, level of social and individual activity engagement, physical fitness, grip strength, and medical history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, DM/Hglu

Abbreviations: DSI Dual Sensory Impairment, DM/Hglu Diabetes or high blood sugar, ENP Emotional, nervous or psychiatric problems

a In the adjusted analysis of confounding factors, a history of hypertension was exclude

b In the adjusted analysis of confounding factors, a history of DM/Hglu was exclude