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. 2025 Feb 26;15:6958. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90393-6

Table 1.

Overview of the samples of FG secretions from sand lizards collected at each site and habitat type used in this study. Global Human Footprint index (Human Footprint) categories at a spatial resolution of ~ 1 km are provided for each locality. Percentage of impervious surface in 1 km buffer around central point of each study site. Distance to the city center (in Km) and sample size (N) per each locality are shown.

Locality Habitat Human Footprint (%) Imperviousness (%) Distance (Km) N
Młynka Rural 30–40 0.3 19.3 6
Puszcza Niepołomicka Rural 30–40 2.2 25.6 8
Bodzów Suburban 60–80 4.6 6 14
Mydlniki Suburban 60–80 / 80–100 12.4 7.5 5
Bonarka Urban 80–100 24 3.2 7
Krzemionki Urban 80–100 34.3 2.75 5