SGPP-4 transcript levels were measured in different tissues, i.e. brain (Br), fat body (Fb), foregut (Fg), midgut (Mg), hindgut (Hg), ovaries (Ov), testes (Te) and male accessory glands (Acg) from isolated-reared (solitarious) and crowded-reared (gregarious) desert locusts. Samples were analysed in duplicate, and this assay was repeated once. All data are normalized relative to β-actin and represent means±S.D. (of the two assays).