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. 2025 Feb 27;74(6):73–82. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7406a1

TABLE 3. Effectiveness of 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccination against COVID-19–associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years — VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024–January 2025.

VE network/Immunocompromise status/
COVID-19 vaccination dosage pattern COVID-19 case-patients
No. (col %) COVID-19 control patients
No. (col %) Median interval since last dose for vaccinated, days (IQR) VE %*
(95% CI)
VISION, immunocompetent
No 2024–2025 dose (Ref)
2,016 (90)
19,198 (80)
775 (357–1,084)
Ref
Received 2024–2025 dose
7–119 days earlier
232 (10)
4,773 (20)
53 (30–77)
45 (36–53)
7–59 days earlier
129 (6)
2,759 (12)
33 (20–46)
42 (30–52)
60–119 days earlier
103 (5)
2,014 (8)
81 (70–94)
48 (36–58)
VISION, immunocompromised
No 2024–2025 dose (Ref)
524 (88)
5,885 (78)
720 (343–1,064)
Ref
Received 2024–2025 dose
7–119 days earlier
74 (12)
1,709 (22)
53 (31–78)
40 (21–54)
IVY network, immunocompetent
No 2024–2025 dose (Ref)
614 (90)
1,021 (82)
—§
Ref
Received 2024–2025 dose
7–119 days earlier
69 (10)
225 (18)
60 (31–85)
46 (26–60)
7–59 days earlier
41 (6)
105 (9)
31 (20–45)
42 (14–61)
60–119 days earlier 28 (4) 120 (11) 85 (72–98) 47 (17–67)

Abbreviations: Ref = referent group; VE = vaccine effectiveness; VISION = Virtual SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Other respiratory viruses Network; IVY = Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill.

* VE was calculated by comparing the odds of 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccination in case-patients and control patients using the equation: (1 − adjusted odds ratio) x 100%. Odds ratios were estimated by multivariable logistic regression. For VISION, the odds ratio was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, calendar day, and geographic region. For IVY, the odds ratio was adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services region), and calendar time (biweekly intervals).

The “no 2024–2025 dose” group included all eligible persons who did not receive a 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose, regardless of number of previous COVID-19 vaccine doses (if any) received.

§ Median interval from last dose for persons who received previous doses of COVID-19 vaccine but did not receive a 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose was not available in the IVY network.