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. 2025 Feb 14;15:1502253. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1502253

Table 2.

Demographics and clinicopathological characteristics of the external validation and SEER cohort.

Variables External cohort
(N = 215)
SEER cohort
(N = 961)
P-value
Age 0.226
 ≤ 35 101 (47.0%) 408 (42.5%)
 > 35 114 (53.0%) 553 (57.5%)
Gender 0.854
 Male 105 (48.8%) 476 (49.5%)
 Female 110 (51.2%) 485 (50.5%)
Race < 0.001
 White 0 (0%) 633 (65.9%)
 Black 0 (0%) 140 (14.6%)
 Other1 215 (100%) 188 (19.6%)
Marital status < 0.001
 Married 188 (87.4%) 501 (52.1%)
 Others2 27 (12.6%) 460 (47.9%)
Side < 0.001
 Left 73 (34.0%) 371 (38.6%)
 Right 84 (39.1%) 520 (54.1%)
 Bilateral 58 (27.0%) 70 (7.3%)
Primary site 0.333
 Main bronchus 12 (5.6%) 37 (3.9%)
 Upper lobe 93 (43.3%) 387 (40.3%
 Middle lobe 15 (7.0%) 52 (5.4%)
 Lower lobe 59 (27.4%) 262 (27.3%)
 Overlapping lesion 3 (1.4%) 18 (1.9%)
 Lung NOS 33 (15.3%) 205 (21.3%)
Histological type < 0.001
 Adenocarcinoma 205 (95.3%) 705 (73.4%)
 Squamous 7 (3.3%) 181 (18.8%)
 Others3 3 (1.4%) 75 (7.8%)
T stage < 0.001
 T0 0 (0%) 9 (0.9%)
 T1 46 (21.4%) 108 (11.2%)
 T2 50 (23.3%) 204 (21.2%)
 T3 44 (20.5%) 248 (25.8%)
 T4 75 (34.9%) 392 (40.8%)
N stage < 0.001
 N0 13 (6.0%) 178 (18.5%)
 N1 47 (21.9%) 90 (9.4%)
 N2 34 (15.8%) 401 (41.7%)
 N3 121 (56.3%) 292 (30.4%)
M stage < 0.001
 M1a 73 (34.0%) 208 (21.6%)
 M1b 142 (66.0%) 725 (75.4%)
 M1NOS 0 (0%) 28 (2.9%)
Bone metastasis 0.013
 No 96 (44.7%) 519 (54.0%)
 Yes 119 (55.3%) 442 (46.0%)
Brain metastasis 0.465
 No 147 (68.4%) 632 (65.8%)
 Yes 68 (31.6%) 329 (34.2%)
Liver metastasis 0.410
 No 175 (81.4%) 758 (78.9%)
 Yes 40 (18.6%) 203 (21.1%)
Lung metastasis 0.915
 No 139 (64.7%) 625 (65.0%)
 Yes 76 (35.3%) 336 (35.0%)
Chemotherapy 0.007
 No 55 (25.6%) 169 (17.6%)
 Yes 160 (74.4%) 792 (82.4%)
Radiotherapy < 0.001
 No 156 (72.6%) 450 (46.8%)
 Yes 59 (27.4%) 511 (53.2%)
Immunotherapy NA
 No 195 (90.7%) NA
 Yes 20 (9.3%) NA
Targeted therapy NA
 No 78 (36.3%) NA
 Yes 137 (63.7%) NA

Other1: American Indian, AK Native, Asian or Pacific Islander.

Others2: Unmarried or Domestic Partner, Single (never married), Widowed, Divorced, Separated

Others3: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Mucinous adenocarcinoma, Synovial sarcoma.