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. 2025 Feb 27;15:7009. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-90646-4

Table 2.

Examination of models for training as well as validation dataset.

Models Inline graphic Inline graphic
Inline graphic
(%)
Inline graphic Inline graphic
(%)
Inline graphic
EfficientNet B0 89.49 0.22 89.49 0.76
DenseNet 169 79.46 0.49 89.46 0.491
Xception 89.52 0.46 89.26 0.19
MobileNet V2 89.59 0.16 89.46 0.50
ResNet50 V2 89.49 0.59 89.53 0.91
ResNet152 V2 89.49 0.76 89.49 0.60
VGG 19 89.46 0.16 89.46 0.29
Inception V3 89.26 0.43 88.23 0.43
InceptionResNetV2 89.35 0.26 87.59 0.59
EfficientNetB3 89.49 0.43 89.21 0.46
Hybrid (DenseNet169 + EfficientNetB0) 89.26 0.26 89.94 0.23