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. 2025 Feb 28;26:206. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08361-0

Table 6.

Stepwise regression analysis outcomes: assessing the impact of muscle characteristics on knee function scores

Scores Muscle Characteristics Standardized Coefficients (Beta) Regression coefficients (95% CI) P
HSS
BFL_G -0.388 -0.733 (-1.070 ~ -0.396) 0.000
ST_G -0.323 -0.807 (-1.262 ~ -0.352) 0.001
BFL_PCSA 0.492 1.581 (0.977 ~ 2.185) 0.000
VM_EI -0.300 -0.102 (-0.165 ~ -0.038) 0.003
KSS
BFL_G -0.603 -2.005 (-2.562 ~ -1.447) 0.000
BFL_PCSA 0.419 2.368 (1.420 ~ 3.315) 0.001
WOMAC
BFL_G 0.178 0.724 (0.190 ~ 1.258) 0.010
ST_G 0.200 1.078 (0.357 ~ 1.800) 0.005
BFL_PCSA -0.181 -1.250 (-2.207 ~ -0.292) 0.013
VM_EI 0.792 0.578 (0.477 ~ 0.678) 0.000

RF Rectus Femoris, VM Vastus Medialis, VL Vastus Lateralis, BFL Biceps Femoris long head, ST Semitendinosus, WOMAC Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, KSS American Knee Society Score, HSS Hospital for Special Surgery

PCSA physiological cross-sectional area, EI echo intensity, G shear modulus, CI Confidence intervals, P p-value