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. 2025 Feb 6;11(4):e42522. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42522

Table 2.

The etiology of secondary kidney disease.

Etiology Number of patients
Autoimmune and connective tissue diseases 32
Tumor 25
Paraproteinemia 31
Infection 1
Metabolic disorder 8
IgG4-related diseases 3
Drugs 1
Others 11