The NeuAc motif is shared between gangliosides GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b (shaded, not hatched). Other similarities include the Gal (β1-3) GAL/NAc epitope shared between GM1 and GD1b. SGPG, sulphate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside; Glc, glucose; Gal, galactose; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc, N-actylglucosamine; GlcUA, glucuronic acid; NeuAc, N-acetylneuramic acid (sialic acid). From Dalakas and Quarles.31