Table 2.
Comparison of the subject baseline characteristics of the groups of “Low GNRI” and “High GNRI”
| Characteristic | Unadjusted Sample (n = 377) |
PSM adjusted (1:1) (n = 202) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low GNRI (n = 116) |
High GNRI (n = 261) |
P value | SMD | Low GNRI (n = 101) |
High GNRI (n = 101) |
P value | SMD | |
| Post-stroke myocardial injury (%) | 57 (49.1) | 68 (26.1) | < 0.001 | 0.462 | 49 (48.5) | 31 (30.7) | 0.010 | 0.555 |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age, y | 69.0 (66.5,76.0) | 70.0 (67.0,75.0) | 0.433 | 0.110 | 69.1 (65.7, 76.2) | 69.0 (66.3, 75.9) | 0.933 | 0.008 |
| Male (%) | 66 (56.9) | 144 (55.2) | 0.756 | 0.035 | 54 (53.5) | 51 (50.5) | 0.673 | 0.060 |
| Height, cm | 165.0 (160.0, 170.0) | 165.0 (160.0, 171.0) | 0.532 | 0.080 | 165.0 (160.0, 172.0) | 168.0 (160.0, 171.0) | 0.950 | 0.006 |
| Weight, kg | 65.0 (57.8, 73.0) | 70.0 (60.0, 75.0) | 0.041 | 0.238 | 65.0 (58.0, 73.0) | 65.0 (60.0, 75.0) | 0.957 | 0.010 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 (22.0, 25.7) | 25.1 (22.9, 26.7) | 0.003 | 0.326 | 24.2 (22.2, 25.7) | 24.0 (21.2, 25.8) | 0.983 | 0.004 |
| SBP, mmHg | 135.5 (122.0, 147.0) | 135.0 (124.0, 147.0) | 0.711 | 0.107 | 135.0 (122.0, 147.0) | 139.0 (126.0, 149.0) | 0.603 | 0.032 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81.0 (73.0, 87.3) | 80.0 (73.0, 87.0) | 0.459 | 0.067 | 80.0 (73.0, 87.0) | 81.0 (75.0, 89.0) | 0.510 | 0.057 |
| Current smoking (%) | 36 (31.0) | 87 (33.3) | 0.660 | 0.050 | 32 (31.7) | 29 (28.7) | 0.646 | 0.064 |
| Alcohol (%) | 31 (26.7) | 76 (29.1) | 0.634 | 0.054 | 24 (23.8) | 23 (22.8) | 0.868 | 0.023 |
| Previous medical history | ||||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 60 (51.7) | 137 (52.5) | 0.891 | 0.015 | 52 (51.5) | 50 (49.5) | 0.778 | 0.040 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 30 (25.9) | 74 (28.4) | 0.618 | 0.057 | 27 (26.7) | 26 (25.7) | 0.873 | 0.022 |
| COPD (%) | 9 (7.8) | 9 (3.5) | 0.070 | 0.161 | 3 (3.0) | 4 (4.0) | 0.718 | 0.058 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 18 (15.5) | 59 (22.6) | 0.115 | 0.196 | 17 (16.8) | 19 (18.8) | 0.373 | 0.029 |
| Renal dysfunctiona | 3 (2.6) | 5 (1.9) | 0.976 | 0.042 | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.0) | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Admission NIHSS score, unit | 6.0 (3.0, 9.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 7.0) | < 0.001 | 0.253 | 5.0 (3.2, 7.9) | 4.9 (2.3, 8.1) | 0.953 | 0.017 |
| Admission GCS score, unit | 12.0 (10.0, 13.0) | 13.0 (12.0, 15.0) | 0.002 | 0.159 | 13.0 (11.0, 14.0) | 13.0 (12.0, 14.0) | 0.632 | 0.062 |
| Dysphagia (%) | 17 (14.7) | 43 (16.5) | 0.656 | 0.051 | 16 (15.8) | 13 (12.9) | 0.547 | 0.081 |
| TOAST stroke subtype (%)b | ||||||||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 45 (38.8) | 117 (44.8) | 0.264 | 0.043 | 40 (39.6) | 42 (41.6) | 0.788 | 0.040 |
| Small-vessel occlusion | 11 (9.5) | 12 (4.6) | 7 (6.9) | 7 (6.9) | ||||
| Stroke of other determined etiologies | 14 (12.1) | 34 (13.0) | 13 (12.9) | 15 (14.9) | ||||
| Stroke of undetermined etiology | 46 (39.6) | 98 (37.6) | 38 (37.6) | 35 (34.7) | ||||
| OCSP stroke subtype (%) | ||||||||
| Lacunar infarct | 11 (9.5) | 12 (4.6) | 0.200 | 0.077 | 7 (6.9) | 7 (6.9) | 0.725 | 0.023 |
| Partial anterior circulation infarct | 46 (39.6) | 110 (42.2) | 38 (37.6) | 40 (39.6) | ||||
| Total anterior circulation infarct | 27 (23.3) | 76 (29.1) | 24 (23.8) | 25 (24.8) | ||||
| Posterior circulation infarct | 32 (27.6) | 63 (24.1) | 32 (31.7) | 29 (28.7) | ||||
| Medications | ||||||||
| Intravenous thrombolysis (%) | 8 (6.9) | 23 (8.8) | 0.532 | 0.076 | 6 (5.9) | 7 (6.9) | 0.234 | 0.047 |
| Endovascular treatment (%) | 10 (8.6) | 7 (2.7) | 0.010 | 0.212 | 5 (5.0) | 6 (5.9) | 0.757 | 0.046 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 133.5 (120.0, 147.3) | 132.0 (121.0, 146.0) | 0.980 | 0.014 | 131.0 (116.0, 147.0) | 132.0 (122.0, 145.0) | 0.752 | 0.013 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.7 (37.5, 42.60) | 40.8 (38.0, 42.9) | 0.015 | 0.186 | 39.2 (37.7, 42.6) | 40.6 (38.0, 42.7) | 0.038 | 0.116 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.2 (4.7, 6.4) | 5.3 (4.8, 6.8) | 0.414 | 0.021 | 5.2 (4.7, 6.2) | 5.3 (4.8, 6.4) | 0.469 | 0.028 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 0.304 | 0.212 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0.089 | 0.112 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.2 (3.7, 5.1) | 4.4 (3.8, 5.2) | 0.347 | 0.099 | 4.1 (3.6, 5.1) | 4.4 (3.8, 5.1) | 0.321 | 0.095 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.206 | 0.136 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.935 | 0.026 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.4) | 0.762 | 0.021 | 2.7 (2.2, 3.3) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.3) | 0.444 | 0.058 |
The data are presented as the median (interquartile range), mean (standard deviation), or n (%). PSM was performed to achieve balances on baseline characteristics between “Low GNRI” and “High GNRI” groups. SMD < 0.1 indicated a minor acceptable deviation
Abbreviations: GNRI Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, PSM Propensity score matching, SMD Standardized mean difference, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, TOAST Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
aCreatinine > 177 μmol/L
bUnder TOAST, the subgroup of cardioembolism is excluded