. 2025 Feb 8;11(4):e42571. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42571

Table 2.

Details of the satellite data used in this study.

Area	Satellite	Spatial resolution (m)	Spectral resolution	Path/Row	Daily/Monthly	Capture date
Allith-Alqahmah	Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI	30	11 bands	168/047 168/048 169/046 169/047	Daily	December 18, 1990, December 27, 1999, June 4, 2000, July 23, 2002, July 10, 2013, November 28, 2015, January 21, 2021, July 3, 2022
	MODIS Aqua	500	250 m (bands 1–2) 500 m (bands 3–7) 1000 m (bands 8–36)	17°44′–20.16′ N; 39°49′–41°0842′ E	Monthly	July 2013, November 2015, January 2021, July 2022
	MERRA-2	0.625° × 0.5°	–	17°44′–20.16′ N; 39°49′–41°0842′ E	Monthly	July 2013, November 2015, January 2021, July 2022

Abbreviations.

Thermal mapper (TM).

operational land imager (OLI).

Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS).

Modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2).