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. 2025 Mar 1;15:7293. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80456-5

Table 2.

Phenolic compounds of P. tuberosa (µg/g).

No Phenolic compounds RT (min) P. tuberosa (flower) P. tuberosa (aerial part) P. tuberosa (underground)
1 Protocatechuic acid 8.75 1.24 ± 0.15 1.49 ± 0.22 0.36 ± 0.04
2 Chlorogenic acid 12.35 12.47 ± 0.77 30.95 ± 0.63 9.79 ± 0.18
3 Ferulic acid 22.14 25.31 ± 0.68 47.82 ± 0.80 32.56 ± 0.45
4 Coumarin 24.49 11.62 ± 0.51 14.91 ± 0.74 nd
5 Rutin 25.30 6.47 ± 0.37 8.34 ± 0.43 3.95 ± 0.12
6 Ellagic acid 26.11 2.43 ± 0.19 2.76 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.03
7 Rosmarinic acid 26.77 8.97 ± 0.45 14.51 ± 0.34 nd
8 Quercetin 30.83 5.37 ± 0.36 nd nd
9 Luteolin 31.70 9.72 ± 0.62 4.40 ± 0.42 nd
10 Kaempferol 33.21 2.58 ± 0.18 2.05 ± 0.23 nd

aValues expressed are means ± S.E.M. of three parallel measurements (p < 0.05). nd: not detected.