Table 2.

Major bioactive compounds identified in different parts of Z. lotus (L.).

Major compounds	Chemical constituents	Plant part	References
Flavonoids (flavonols, dihydrochalcones, flavones, and flavanones)	Myricetin rutinoside	Leaf and branch	[13, 14, 102–105]
	Glycoside quercetin
	Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin)
	Quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside (isoquercitrin)
	Quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside or hyperin)
	Quercetin-3-O-(2,6-di-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside)-7-O-rhamnoside
	Quercetin-3-O-(2,6-di-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside)
	Quercetin-3-O-(2,6-di-O-rhamnosyl glucoside)-7-O-glucuronide
	Glycoside kaempferol:
	Kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside)
	Kaempferol-O-hexoside
	Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (nicotiflorin)
	Kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-rhamnosyl-glucoside)
	Phloretin-di-C-hexoside	Leaf, root bark
	Apigenin
	Apigenin-O-hexoside-O-deoxyhexoside
	Catechin
	Epicatechin
	Epicatechin gallate
	Naringin
	Isorhamnetin	Fruit	[14, 15, 105–107]
	Rutin
	Hyperoside
	Apigenin
	Luteolin
	Luteolin-7-O-glucoside
	Apigenin 7-O-glucoside
	Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-glucoside
	Diosmin
	Cirsiliol
	Catechin
	Phloretin-3′,5′-di-glucoside
	Naringenin
	Eriodictyol
	Eriodictyol glycoside derivatives:	Fruit	[14, 15, 105–107]
	Eriodictyol-O-hexoside
	Eriodictyol-O-pentoside
	Eriodictyol-O-deoxyhexoside
	Quercetin-3-O-galactoside	Arial part	[108, 109]
	Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside
	Rutin
	Chamaejasmin	Seeds	[110]
	Glucoliquiritin apioside 5,6,7,8,3′,4′,5′-heptamethoxy flavanone robustaside D
	Kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside
	Gallocatechin
	Luteolin 7-(6‴′-acetylallosyl-(1- > 3)-glucosyl-(1- > 2)-glucoside apigenin 7-methyl ether 5-(6″-malonylglucoside)
Stilbenes	Resveratrol	Fruit	[14]
Phenolic acids	p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	Fruit	[15, 106, 111, 112]
	p-coumaric acid
	Benzoic acid
	Sinapic acid
	p-coumaroyl glucose
	Cinnamic acid derivatives
	Galloyl shikimic acid
	Trans-ferulic acid
	Rosmarinic acid
	Syringic acid
	Protocatechuic acid
	Gallic acid
	Quinic acid
	Caffeic acid derivatives
	Gentisic acid	Leaf	[13, 14, 113]
	Fumaric acid
	Gallic acid
	Chlorogenic acid
	Caffeic acid
	Vanillic acid
	p-coumaric acid	Leaf	[13, 14, 113]
	Benzoic acid
	P-hydroxybenzoic acid
Alkaloids (cyclopeptide alkaloids)	Lotusine A	Root bark	[114–116]
	Lotusine B
	Lotusine C
	Lotusine D
	Lotusine E
	Lotusine F
	Lotusine G
	Lotusanine A	Aerial part	[117]
	Lotusanine B
	Sanjoinenine
	Sanjoinine F
	Frangufoline
Saponins (dammarane type)	Jujuboside A	Root bark	[118, 119]
	Jujuboside C
	Lotoside I
	Lotoside II
	Jujuboside B	Leaf	[120]
	Jujubasaponine IV
	Jujubogenin glycosides