Table 3.

Bivariate analysis between LSD occurrence and its risk factors with p < 0.25 in beef cattle in Rembang Regency, Indonesia.

Variables	p-value	Decision
Farmer’s age	0.841	Excluded
Education	0.607	Excluded
Farming experience	0.719	Excluded
Average income monthly income	0.104	Possibly included
Knowing about LSD transmission	0.002	Possibly included
Number of cattle	0.495	Excluded
Farming system	0.066	Possibly included
Farm location	0.770	Excluded
Proximity to water bodies (e.g. river, lake, waterways)	0.375	Excluded
Sunlight or air ventilation may enter the farm	0.102	Possibly included
Vector control	0.130	Possibly included
Disinfection on the farm	0.469	Excluded
Farm cleaning	0.000	Possibly included
Waste management (manure or leftover feed)	0.000	Possibly included
Season occurrence of the disease	0.003	Possibly included
Proximity between farms	0.000	Possibly included
Introduction new cattle	0.611	Excluded
Quarantine sick animal	0.002	Possibly included
Farm location close to road lanes	0.958	Excluded
Fences surrounding the farm	0.033	Possibly included

LSD=Lumpy skin disease