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LLM Word Association Bias: Results showing LLM word association bias scores on the vertical axis, for 21 stereotypes on the horizontal axis, in 4 social categories coded in 4 colors, across 8 LLMs in 8 panels. Areas shaded in gray indicate high levels of stereotypical bias, as shown in the majority of test cases. Red dotted horizontal lines indicate unbiased responses. Error bars represent 95% bootstrapped CIs. See statistical analyses in the main text and tables in SI Appendix.
