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. 2025 Mar 3;15(9):6914–6930. doi: 10.1039/d4ra08092k

Table 3. Physico-chemical properties of the contaminated soil sample.

S. no. Parameter Unit Test method Test result
1 Physical state Solid
2 Colour Grey
3 Texture Dried lumps
4 pH USEPA 1998 SW-846; 9045 C 10.36
5 Bulk density g cm−3 ASTM D 5057-90 8.2
6 Calorific value cal g−1 IS 1350-2000 150
7 Flash point °C USEPA 1998, SW-846; 1020 A >60
8 Moisture content % IS 326 (Part 21):2001 13.12
9 Loss on ignition at 550 °C % APHA 23rd Edition 2017, 2540 0.71
10 Water soluble organics % APHA 23rd Edition 2017, 2540 E 0.89
11 Water soluble inorganics % APHA 23rd Edition 2017, 2540 E 1.52
12 Hexavalent chromium (using WLT) mg L−1 USEPA 1998, SW-846; 7196 101.11