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. 2025 Mar 3;15:7419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-91168-9

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 12 — Door pullers exemplify the different dimensions of the panels, and the distinct composition of each panel with regards to the friezes. The Ravello doors do not even possess these friezes, so these are clearly not complete copies, but composites of copied modules. Detail image based on relief visualisation. Image: B. Asmus based on M.Fera/Novetus/Gapamet licensed under CC-BY²⁶.