Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Who Were Using Advanced Diabetes Technologies Categorized by Treatment Group
| All (n = 45) | BGAT group (n = 25) | HARPdoc group (n = 20) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) year | 55 (14) | 53 (14) | 58 (14) | 0.22 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.79 | |||
| Male | 19 (42%) | 11 (44%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Female | 26 (58%) | 14 (56%) | 12 (60%) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.27 | |||
| Caucasian | 43 (96%) | 25 (100%) | 18 (90%) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Mixed | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | |
| Study site, n (%) | 0.88 | |||
| Bournemouth | 5 (11%) | 3 (12%) | 2 (10%) | |
| Joslin | 13 (29%) | 7 (28%) | 6 (30%) | |
| London | 20 (44%) | 12 (48%) | 8 (40%) | |
| Sheffield | 7 (16%) | 3 (12%) | 4 (20%) | |
| Duration of diabetes, mean (SD) year | 36 (18) | 34 (16) | 39 (20) | 0.35 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD) | 0.64 | |||
| % | 7.3 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.4 (1.4) | |
| mmol/mol | 56 (16) | 55 (16) | 57 (16) | |
| Advanced diabetes technology used, n (%) | 0.39 | |||
| Intermittently scanned CGM | 12 (27)b | 9 (36)b | 3 (15) | |
| Real-time CGM only | 19 (42)b | 10 (40)b | 9 (45) | |
| Real-time CGM with AIDs | 15 (33) | 7 (28) | 8 (40) | |
| Number of SH events over preceding year, mean (SD) | 15 (43) | 22 (56) | 7 (12) | 0.27 |
| Gold score, mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.1) | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.8 (1.2) | 0.14 |
| Missing value, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | |
| Total A2A score, mean (SD) | 11 (6) | 10 (5) | 13 (7) | 0.13 |
a
To compare the HARPdoc and BGAT groups, Student t-test was conducted for continuous variables and chi-square test was conducted for categorical variables.
b
One participant was using both intermittently scanned and real-time CGM.
A2A, Attitudes to Awareness of Hypoglycemia questionnaire; AID, automated insulin delivery system; BGAT, Blood Glucose Awareness Training; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring system; HARPdoc, Hypoglycemia Awareness Restoration Programme for people with type 1 diabetes and problematic hypoglycemia persisting despite optimized self-care; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; SH, severe hypoglycemia.