Table 2. Prevalence of HIV among key populations in selected LGAs in Kano State.
| Variable | Negative n (%) | Positive n (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p-value |
| HIV test result | 1,178 (89.2) | 142 (10.8) | - | - | - | - |
| KPs group | ||||||
| MSM | 377 (87.7) | 53 (12.3) | Ref | - | - | - |
| FSWs | 595 (91.5) | 55 (8.5) | 0.658 [0.441–0.980] | 0.039* | 0.346 [0.184–0.650] | 0.001* |
| PWIDs | 206 (85.8) | 34 (14.2) | 1.174 [0.739–1.865] | 0.497 | 2.827 [1.183–6.757] | 0.019* |
| Age category (years) | ||||||
| 18–24 | 381 (89.4) | 45 (10.6) | Ref | - | - | - |
| 25–34 | 534 (88.4) | 70 (11.6) | 1.110 [0.746–1.651] | 0.607 | 1.319 [0.819–2.125] | 0.255 |
| 35–45 | 192 (91.4) | 18 (8.6) | 0.794 [0.447–1.408] | 0.430 | 0.834 [0.418–1.665] | 0.607 |
| Above 45 | 71 (88.8) | 9 (11.3) | 1.073 [0.502–2.293] | 0.855 | 1.259 [0.458–3.458] | 0.655 |
| Respondent education level | ||||||
| No formal education | 196 (88.3) | 26 (11.7) | 1.418 [0.811–2.479] | 0.221 | 1.534 [0.804–2.928] | 0.194 |
| Primary | 120 (87.6) | 17 (12.4) | 1.514 [0.803–2.857] | 0.200 | 1.196 [0.553–2.589] | 0.649 |
| Secondary | 552 (88.7) | 70 (11.3) | 1.356 [0.860–2.136] | 0.190 | 1.702 [0.982–2.950] | 0.058 |
| Tertiary | 310 (91.4) | 29 (8.6) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Local government area | ||||||
| Fagge | 364 (88.8) | 46 (11.2) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Gwale | 454 (90.8) | 46 (9.2) | 0.802 [0.521–1.234] | 0.315 | 0.922 [0.474–1.796] | 0.812 |
| Tarauni | 360 (87.8) | 50 (12.2) | 1.099 [0.718–1.683] | 0.664 | 0.915 [0.491–1.704] | 0.780 |
| Drug abuse | ||||||
| Never abused drugs | 481 (87.6) | 68 (12.4) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Ever abused drugs | 697 (90.4) | 74 (9.6) | 0.751 [0.530–1.065] | 0.108 | 0.832 [0.485–1.428] | 0.506 |
| Drugs injection | ||||||
| Never injected drugs | 696 (87.8) | 97 (12.2) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Ever injected drugs | 482 (91.5) | 45 (8.5) | 0.670 [0.462–0.972] | 0.035* | 0.253 [0.112–0.570] | 0.001* |
| Age of first sexual debut | ||||||
| Below 13 years | 266 (87.2) | 39 (12.8) | 0.829 [0.534–1.288] | 0.405 | 0.838 [0.485–1.447] | 0.525 |
| 14–17 years | 436 (89.2) | 53 (10.8) | 0.765 [0.485–1.208] | 0.250 | 0.682 [0.367–1.269] | 0.227 |
| 18 years and above | 401 (89.9) | 45 (10.1) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Reason for first sexual intercourse | ||||||
| Having fun/love/marriage | 675 (88.9) | 84 (11.1) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Peer pressure | 152 (91.0) | 15 (9.0) | 0.793 [0.445–1.412] | 0.431 | 0.888 [0.450–1.752] | 0.733 |
| Rape/forced | 22 (91.7) | 2 (8.3) | 0.731 [0.169–3.162] | 0.674 | 1.092 [0.236–5.052] | 0.911 |
| To obtain money | 232 (86.9) | 35 (13.1) | 1.212 [0.795–1.848] | 0.371 | 1.065 [0.610–1.860] | 0.825 |
| Sexual partners during the last three months | ||||||
| One | 245 (91.8) | 22 (8.2) | Ref | - | - | - |
| More than one | 744 (88.9) | 93 (11.1) | 1.392 [0.856–2.265] | 0.183 | 1.807 [0.971–3.365] | 0.062 |
| Vaginal sex in the last three months | ||||||
| Not have vaginal sex | 204 (91.1) | 20 (8.9) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Have vaginal sex | 785 (89.2) | 95 (10.8) | 1.234 [0.744–2.048] | 0.415 | 5.270 [2.305–12.052] | <0.001* |
| Anal sex in the last three months | ||||||
| Not have anal sex | 772 (90.3) | 83 (9.7) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Have anal sex | 217 (87.1) | 32 (12.9) | 1.372 [0.888–2.119] | 0.154 | 2.213 [1.079–4.539] | 0.030* |
| Oral sex in the last three months | ||||||
| Not have oral sex | 833 (89.2) | 101 (10.8) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Have oral sex | 156 (91.8) | 14 (8.2) | 0.740 [0.413–1.328] | 0.313 | 0.758 [0.401–1.432] | 0.393 |
| Transactional sex engaged in | ||||||
| No transactional sex | 162 (88.5) | 21 (11.5) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Paid for sex | 343 (88.4) | 45 (11.6) | 1.012 [0.584–1.755] | 0.966 | 0.922 [0.470–1.809] | 0.814 |
| Paid & received | 149 (89.8) | 17 (10.2) | 0.880 [0.447–1.732] | 0.712 | 0.610 [0.261–1.423] | 0.253 |
| Received gift for sex | 335 (91.3) | 32 (8.7) | 0.737 [0.412–1.318] | 0.303 | 0.558 [0.263–1.186] | 0.129 |
| Condoms used in the last three months | ||||||
| Always | 442 (91.5) | 41 (8.5) | Ref | - | - | - |
| Irregularly | 547 (88.1) | 74 (11.9) | 1.458 [0.976–2.179] | 0.066 | 1.066 [0.621–1.831] | 0.816 |
| Condoms used during the last sexual encounter | ||||||
| Not used condoms | 385 (87.5) | 55 (12.5) | 1.462 [0.991–2.158] | 0.055 | 1.336 [0.799–2.235] | 0.269 |
| Used condoms | 604 (91.1) | 59 (8.9) | Ref | - | - | - |
Source: Field Survey Conducted in Kano State Crude Odds Ratio (COR), Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).
*Significant at p < 0.05. KPs: Key populations, FSWs: Female sex workers, MSM: Men who have sex with men, PWIDs: People who inject drugs, LGAs: Local government areas, CI: Confidence interval, Ref: Reference.