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. 2025 Mar 4;13:RP101241. doi: 10.7554/eLife.101241

Figure 1. Genetic diversity of S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (bvSP) by geography and time.

Different colors were used to represent the various lineages of bvSP: fuchsia for L1, orange for L2a, pink for L2b, red for L3b, and green for L3c. (a) The bvSP in the dataset is classified into five continents based on their isolation regions. The bar graph illustrates the distribution of lineage-specific bvSP across continents, depicted as percentages. The total sample size for each bar is indicated at the top. (b) Geographical distribution of bvSP isolated from China. Doughnut charts in the map show the proportion of lineage types of bvSP collected in the corresponding region, with the total number of isolates in the center. (c) The bar graph shows the distribution of bvSP isolated in China by lineage per decade. The total sample size for each bar is also indicated on the right side.

Figure 1.

Figure 1—figure supplement 1. The evolutionary structure of global S. Gallinarum.

Figure 1—figure supplement 1.

The phylogenetic tree was constructed using core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism sites (cgSNPs), revealing three S. Gallinarum biovars: S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (bvSP) (n=528/580, 91.03%), S. Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (bvSG) (n=50/580, 8.6%), and S. Gallinarum biovar Duisburg (bvSD) (n=2/580, 0.34%). Additionally, Salmonella serovar Enteritidis (SE) is represented by a gray line. Employing hierarchical Bayesian analysis, bvSP was further subdivided into five lineages: fuchsia (L1), orange (L2a), pink (L2b), red (L3b), and green (L3c). The colorful circles indicate detailed information on Salmonella sequence type and isolation regions. The outermost circle denotes the locations of the 45 bvSP strains isolated from Yueqing and Taishun.
Figure 1—figure supplement 2. The primary prevalence of S. Gallinarum biovar Pullorum (bvSP) lineages varies across different regions of China over time, with consideration given to the eastern, northern, and southern regions.

Figure 1—figure supplement 2.

The colors indicate the specific lineage type prevalence within each region: fuchsia (L1), orange (L2a), pink (L2b), red (L3b), and green (L3c).