Ascorbate synthesis in mammals, plants, and yeast. The structures ofl-gulono-γ-lactone (GUL), l-galactono-γ-lactone (GAL), d-arabinono-γ-lactone (ARL), ascorbate (ASC), and erythroascorbate (EASC) are shown. The reactions catalysed by GLO (A), GALDH (B), and ALO (C) are indicated.