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. 2025 Feb 19;12:1501162. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1501162

Table 2.

Association of LnBML with BMD and ALMI.

Model 1
β (95% CI)
Model 2
β (95% CI)
Model 3
β (95% CI)
Model 4
β (95% CI)
BMD (g/cm2) 0.002 (−0.006, 0.010) 0.010 (0.002, 0.017)* 0.011 (0.003, 0.019)** 0.006 (−0.002, 0.014)
LnBML Q4
Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
Q2 0.017 (−0.004, 0.038) 0.016 (−0.004, 0.036) 0.015 (−0.005, 0.036) 0.011 (−0.009, 0.031)
Q3 −0.011 (−0.032, 0.010) −0.002 (−0.022, 0.018) −0.001 (−0.021, 0.019) −0.014 (−0.034, 0.006)
Q4 0.008 (−0.014, 0.030) 0.028 (0.007, 0.049) 0.031 (0.010, 0.052) 0.017 (−0.004, 0.039)
P for trend 0.896 0.072 0.035 0.516
ALMI (kg/m2) −0.123 (−0.189, −0.057)*** −0.102 (−0.166, −0.038)** 0.069 (0.040, 0.097)*** 0.054 (0.025, 0.083)***
LnBML Q4
Q1 Reference Reference Reference Reference
Q2 0.312 (0.132, 0.492) 0.243 (0.074, 0.413) 0.121 (0.046, 0.196) 0.104 (0.029, 0.178)
Q3 −0.074 (−0.250, 0.103) −0.094 (−0.261, 0.074) 0.076 (0.002, 0.150) 0.047 (−0.028, 0.121)
Q4 −0.305 (−0.489, −0.120) −0.258 (−0.435, −0.080) 0.148 (0.069, 0.227) 0.107 (0.026, 0.189)
P for trend <0.001 <0.001 0.001 0.038

Model 1: no covariates were adjusted.

Model 2: age and race were adjusted.

Model 3: age, race and body mass index were adjusted.

Model 4: age, race, educational level, menstrual status, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of cancer or malignancy, body mass index, moderate recreational activities, total protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and serum calcium were adjusted.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

BML, blood mercury levels; BMD, bone mineral density; ALMI, appendicular lean mass index.