Table 3.
Evaluation of continuous variables impacting on cognitive impairment among non-dialysis CKD patients by mean difference.
| Risk factor | No. of studies included | Mean difference | 95% CI | p Value | Heterogeneity tau2, I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 7 | 4.20 | 1.70, 6.70 | .001 | 9.95, 93% |
| BMI | 4 | 0.06 | −0.41, 0.53 | .8 | 0.00, 0% |
| Hemoglobin | 4 | −0.32 | −0.45, −0.18 | <.00001 | 0.00, 0% |
| Serum albumin | 3 | −0.67 | −1.10, −0.23 | .003 | 0.04, 27% |
| Serum phosphate | 2 | 0.02 | −0.01, 0.04 | .14 | 0.33, 0% |
| Serum parathyroid hormone | 2 | 2.43 | 1.27, 3.59 | <.0001 | 1.91, 48% |
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval.
These data were obtained from statistical analysis using Review Manager (Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). I2 was used to assess the degree of consistency among study results. If I2 <50%, the heterogeneity between the included studies can be ignored, and the fixed-effect model combined with the effect size was selected, otherwise the random effect model was selected.