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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024 Dec 5;34(2):108174. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108174

Table 4.

Distribution of Adoption Concordance Between Each Policy Dyad Across States

Law Dyads Mean (range), years N %
EMS Triage/Transportation – Standardized Tool -0.6 (-5, 0)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than assessment 2 18.1
 Same year 9 81.8
 EMS triage adopted later than assessment 0 0.0
EMS Triage/Transportation – Pre-notification -0.5 (-2, 0)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than pre-notification 1 25.0
 Same year 3 75.0
 EMS triage adopted later than pre-notification 0 0.0
EMS Triage/Transportation – Inter-facility Transfer -1.0 (-7, 8)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than inter-facility transfer 6 42.9
 Same year 5 35.7
 EMS triage adopted later than inter-facility transfer 3 21.4
EMS Triage/TransportationPSC National 0.3 (-5, 8)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than PSC 2 10.0
 Same year 14 70.0
 EMS triage adopted later than PSC 4 20.0
EMS Triage/TransportationCSC National -1.6 (-7, 3)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than CSC 7 36.8
 Same year 9 47.4
 EMS triage adopted later than CSC 3 15.8
EMS Triage/TransportationASRH National -3.3 (-13, 3)
 EMS triage adopted earlier than ASRH 8 50.0
 Same year 7 43.8
 EMS triage adopted later than ASRH 1 6.2
Inter-facility TransferPSC National 0.9 (0, 6)
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted earlier than PSC 0 0.0
 Same year 13 72.2
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted later than PSC 5 27.8
Inter-facility TransferCSC National -1.5 (-8, 5)
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted earlier than CSC 6 35.3
 Same year 9 52.9
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted later than CSC 2 11.8
Inter-facility TransferASRH National -3.7 (-11, 0)
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted earlier than ASRH 9 69.2
 Same year 4 30.8
 Inter-facility Transfer adopted later than ASRH 0 0.0
CQI_EMSSCQI_In-Hospital -1.1 (-8, 0)
 EMSS CQI adopted earlier than stroke center/hospital CQI 1 14.3
 Same year 6 85.7
 EMSS CQI adopted later than stroke center/hospital CQI 0 0.0

Note: CSC = Comprehensive Stroke Center; PSC = Primary Stroke Center; ASRH = Acute Stroke Ready Hospital; EMS = Emergency Medical Services; EMSS = EMS System; CQI = Continuous Quality Improvement.