Table 2.
Summary of findings regarding healthcare professionals’ intervention for proper nasal spray technique*
| Author | Year/country | Study design | Total number of participants | Study setting | Study parameters/intervention | Study findings | Study outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canonica et al [39]. | 2015/Italy | Descriptive survey-based study | 100 (pharmacists) | computer-assisted telephone interviews | Diagnosis and treatment, degree of everyday limitation from AR Satisfaction with treatment. |
Pharmacists considered eye tearing (54%) 87% of pharmacists were unaware of the AR and its impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines. Pharmacists recommended an antihistamine for 56% and a nasal decongestant for 21% of clients. |
Pharmacists’ involvement in programs for allergy awareness and management |
| Arsoy et al [40]. | 2018/Cyprus | Cross-sectional survey | 70 (pharmacists) | Community pharmacy | Pharmacists provided a brief education on management of AR and nasal spray technique for patients after a 6-week period. QoL assessment |
Significant improvement regarding nasal congestion and QoL after pharmacists-led educational intervention (P < 0.05) | An educational intervention of the pharmacists can enhance the symptom management and improve the QoL in patients with AR |
| Kc et al [24]. | 2020/Nepal | Prospective pre- and post-interventional study | 81 (patients) | Hospital | Pharmacist intervention comprised individualized education and training on the correct use of nasal spray with the help of a pictorial leaflet in the local language over 10 min. using a standardized WHO nasal spray checklist | ↑ 9.84 ± 1.699 after intervention 4.31 ± 1.625 before intervention ↑ correct use by 50.275 of the subjects after the intervention Effective intervention on nasal spray use technique (P = 0.0001). |
A pharmacist’s involvement significantly improved the ineffective nasal spray application technique. |
AR, allergic rhinitis; QoL: quality of life.
*
Articles are ordered according to the publication year.