Table 1. Guidelines or consensus statements for the management of blood cholesterol.
| Guideline | Year | Tactics | Target goal of LDL-C levels | First-line therapy | Patient population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACC/AHA 15) | 2013 | Minimal follow-up required | not applicable | High-intensity statin | ≤ 75 years of age who have clinical ASCVD |
| Multisociety 5) | 2018 | Treat-to-target | ＜70 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Very high risk includes a history of multiple major ASCVD events or 1 major ASCVD event and multiple high-risk conditions |
| ESC/EAS 4) | 2019 | Treat-to-target | ＜55 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Very-high-risk includes a history of ASCVD or FH |
| Treat-to-target | ＜40 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | ≥ 2 events within 2 years | ||
| CCS 12) | 2021 | Treat-to-target | ＜70 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Clinical ASCVD |
| ACC 97) | 2022 | Treat-to-target | ＜55 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Very-high-risk: same as 2018 5) |
| ACVC/EAPC 18) | 2022 | Strike early and strike strong | not applicable | Combination therapy with statin and ezetimibe (polypill if possible) | Patients with ACS |
| ESC 17) | 2023 | Treat-to-target | ＜55 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Patients with ACS |
| JAS 10) | 2024 | Treat-to-target | ＜70 mg/dL | High-intensity statin | Patients with ACS, FH, DM, or CAD combined with atherothrombotic cerebral infarction. |
ACC, American College of Cardiology; AHA, American Heart Association; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CCS, Canadian Cardiovascular Society; EAS, European Atherosclerosis Society; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; FH, familial hypercholesterolemia; JAS, Japanese Atherosclerosis Society; DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary artery disease; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ACVC, Asian Congress of Vascular Disease; EAPC, European Association of Preventive Cardiology.