Table 1.
Collection localities, jurisdiction, voucher specimens and GenBank accession numbers for the samples used in this study.
| Taxon (flower number) | Jurisdiction | Region | Sample code | Voucher specimen (herbarium) |
GenBank accession number |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITS | matK | trnL-F | |||||
| Section Linervia | |||||||
| Nervilia adolphi var. adolphi (1) | Tanzania, Mbeya Region | Africa & Madagascar | – | B. Pettersson et al. 449 (K) | PQ512847 | PQ514079 | PQ510141 |
| Nervilia alishanensis (1) | Taiwan, Chiayi County | Seasonal tropical Asia | TAR1 | C.-I. Chen s.n. (MBK) | KM892985 | KM986829 | KM892999 |
| Nervilia alishanensis (1) | China, Hainan Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | GAL2009028 | S. Gale 2009028 (IBSC) | KM892987 | KM986837 | KM892997 |
| Nervilia borneensis (1) | Malaysia, Sabah State | Moist tropical Asia | – | A. Lamb AL2089/2011 (SAN) | PQ512849 | PQ514082 | PQ510145 |
| Nervilia cumberlegei (2–3) | Taiwan, Chiayi County | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | C.-I. Chen & M.-S. Sai C (MBK) | KM892994 | KM986835 | KM893007 |
| Nervilia futago (1) | Japan, Miyazaki Prefecture | Seasonal tropical Asia | HAS1 | T. Yukawa 05-66 (TNS) | HQ848247 | HQ848209 | HQ848167 |
| Nervilia futago (1) | Japan, Okinawa Prefecture | Seasonal tropical Asia | YAN1 | S. Gale et al. 14 (MBK) | HQ848243 | HQ848205 | HQ848163 |
| Nervilia hemratii (1) | Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | N. Tetsana et al. 2222 (BKF) | PQ512860 | PQ514096 | PQ510158 |
| Nervilia infundibulifolia (1) | China, Yunnan Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1316 | Q. Liu 153718 (HITBC) | MG452037 | MG452070 | MG452105 |
| Nervilia infundibulifolia (1) | Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER03 | S. Duangjai 03052015 (BKF) | MG452035 | MG452068 | MG452103 |
| Nervilia infundibulifolia (1) | Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER30 | C. Ngernsaengsaruay s.n. (BKF) | MG452036 | MG452069 | MG452104 |
| Nervilia infundibulifolia (1) | Laos, Xayabouri Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | HNL-KFBG 0776 | S. Gale & P. Sysouphanthong HNL-KFBG 0776 (HNL) | PQ512861 | PQ514097 | PQ510159 |
| Nervilia infundibulifolia (1) | Vietnam, Dak Lak Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | AL262 | L. Averyanov & T. Maisak AL262 (HN) | PQ512862 | PQ514098 | PQ510160 |
| Nervilia juliana (1) | India, Assam State | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | K. Gogoi 0047 (GUBH) | – | PQ514099 | PQ510161 |
| Nervilia kasiensis (1) | Laos, Vientiane Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | S. Gale et al. HNL-KFBG 0537 (HNL) | PQ512863 | PQ514100 | PQ510162 |
| Nervilia khaoyaica (1) | Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG021 | P. Triphetch 120368 (BKF) | – | MG452071 | MG452106 |
| Nervilia khaoyaica (1) | Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG012 | S. Gale s.n. (QBG) | PQ512864 | PQ514101 | PQ510163 |
| Nervilia lanyuensis (1) | Taiwan, Taitung County | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | S.-W. Chung s.n. (TAIF) | KM892983 | KM986834 | KM892998 |
| Nervilia lilacea (1) | Tanzania, Iringa Region | Africa & Madagascar | Y1373 | B. Pettersson et al. 153 (K) | PQ512867 | PQ514104 | PQ510167 |
| Nervilia lilacea (1) | Malawi, Southern Region | Africa & Madagascar | SG017 | B. Pettersson & A. Gassner 359 (K) | – | – | PQ510166 |
| Nervilia mackinnonii (1) | Nepal, Bagmati Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG007 | B. Raskoti 196 (TUCH) | – | KM986836 | KM893008 |
| Nervilia mackinnonii (1) | Thailand, Tak Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NSC05-01 | S. Chanhormhual 05 (BKF) | MG452050 | MG452084 | MG452119 |
| Nervilia cf. mackinnonii | Myanmar, Mandalay Division | Seasonal tropical Asia | MY73 | N. Tanaka et al. 036189 (MBK) | PQ512854 | PQ514086 | PQ510150 |
| Nervilia macroglossa (1) | Nepal, Bagmati Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | B. Raskoti 271 (KATH) | KM892984 | KM986833 | KM893005 |
| Nervilia marmorata (1) | Thailand, Chiang Rai Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER14 | S. Duangjai 250314 (BKF) | MG452040 | MG452074 | MG452109 |
| Nervilia marmorata (1) | Thailand, Chiang Rai Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER29 | S. Suddee 4910 (BKF) | MG452045 | MG452079 | MG452114 |
| Nervilia muratana (1) | Vietnam, Quang Binh Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | L. Averyanov et al. HAL12510 (HN) | MG452048 | MG452082 | MG452117 |
| Nervilia nipponica (1) | Japan, Kochi Prefecture | Seasonal tropical Asia | KL12-1 | S. Gale FOK067838 (MBK) | HQ848232 | HQ848195 | HQ848155 |
| Nervilia nipponica (1) | South Korea, Jeju Island | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1 | N.S. Lee D459 (EWH) | HQ848251 | HQ848213 | HQ848174 |
| Nervilia palawensis (1) | Palau, Babeldaob Island | Oceania | 84L | B. Crain 143 (US) | PQ512870 | PQ514107 | PQ510170 |
| Nervilia palawensis (1) | Palau, Ngerekebesang Island | Oceania | 112L | B. Crain 214 (US) | PQ512869 | PQ514106 | PQ510169 |
| Nervilia petraea (1) | Mozambique, Niassa Province | Africa & Madagascar | – | T. Buruwate s.n. [OrchidMAP 10069*] | – | PQ514108 | PQ510171 |
| Nervilia prainiana (1) | Laos | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | T. Yukawa 1205 (TNS) | PQ512880 | PQ514119 | PQ510181 |
| Nervilia punctata (1) | Indonesia, East Java Province | Moist tropical Asia | – | J. Comber 1114 (K) | MG452065 | – | MG452136 |
| Nervilia simplex (1) | Nepal, Bagmati Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG005 | B. Raskoti 270 (KATH) | – | PQ514121 | PQ510183 |
| Nervilia simplex (1) | Thailand, Chiang Rai Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER04 | S. Duangjai 120614 (BKF) | MG452033 | MG452066 | MG452101 |
| Nervilia simplex (1) | Madagascar, Ihorombe Region | Africa & Madagascar | K-DNA Bank 31433 | D. Roberts 554 (K) | PQ512881 | PQ514122 | PQ510184 |
| Nervilia simplex (1) | China, Yunnan Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1318 | Q. Liu 153717 (HITBC) | PQ512882 | PQ514123 | PQ510185 |
| Nervilia simplex (1) | Laos, Xayaboury Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | HNL-KFBG 0754 | S. Gale et al. HNL-KFBG 0754 (HNL) | PQ512883 | PQ514124 | PQ510186 |
| Nervilia singaporensis (1) | Singapore, Bukit Timah | Moist tropical Asia | – | M.A. Niissalo SING2019-1365 (SING) | MT152902 | – | MT152903 |
| Nervilia stolziana (1) | Malawi, Northern Region | Africa & Madagascar | – | B. Pettersson et al. 48 (K) | – | – | PQ510191 |
| Nervilia tahanshanensis (1) | Taiwan, Pingtung County | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | H.-C. Hung 001 (KBCC) | PQ512889 | PQ514130 | PQ510192 |
| Nervilia taiwaniana (1) | Taiwan, Taitung County | Seasonal tropical Asia | CSA1 | C.-I. Chen & M.-S. Sai A (MBK) | KM892989 | KM986842 | KM893002 |
| Nervilia taiwaniana (1) | Taiwan, Takao County | Seasonal tropical Asia | G5A | S. Gale, 2007015 (MBK) | KM892990 | KM986838 | KM893003 |
| Nervilia trangensis (1) | Thailand, Trang Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER02 | S. Suddee 4647 (BKF) | MG452060 | MG452093 | MG452129 |
| Nervilia trangensis (1) | Thailand, Trang Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NTK01 | S. Duangjai 300317 (BKF) | MG452061 | MG452095 | MG452131 |
| Nervilia trichophylla (1) | Palau, Aulupse’el Island | Oceania | – | F.R. Fosberg 47551 (US) | – | – | PQ510193 |
| Nervilia umphangensis (1) | Thailand, Tak Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1210 | P. Prommanut 308 (BKF) | MG452062 | MG452096 | MG452132 |
| Nervilia umphangensis (1) | Thailand, Tak Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SS4731 | S. Suddee 4731 (BKF) | MG452063 | MG452097 | MG452133 |
| Nervilia viridis (1) | Thailand, Chiang Mai Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1331 | S. Watthana & P. Momkaew 4199 (BKF) | MG452064 | MG452100 | MG452135 |
| Nervilia viridis (1) | China, Yunnan Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1317 | Q. Liu & S. Gale 153716 (HITBC) | PQ512890 | PQ514131 | PQ510194 |
| Nervilia cf. viridis | Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER27 | S. Duangjai 020815 (BKF) | MG452054 | MG452098 | MG452123 |
| Nervilia cf. viridis | Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER01 | S. Duangjai 020815 (BKF) | MG452052 | MG452086 | MG452121 |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 1 | Japan, Okinawa Prefecture | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | M. Yokota s.n. (RYU) | PQ512884 | PQ514125 | PQ510187 |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 2 | Solomon Islands, Malaita Province | Oceania | – | S. Gale et al. SIMB38 (MBK) | PQ512885 | PQ514126 | PQ510188 |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 3 | Solomon Islands, Malaita Province | Oceania | – | S. Gale et al. SIMB49 (MBK) | PQ512886 | PQ514127 | PQ510189 |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 4 | Indonesia, Bali Province | Moist tropical Asia | – | T. Yukawa 1746 (TNS) | PQ512887 | PQ514128 | – |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 5 | Nepal | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | T. Yukawa 1022 (TNS) | KM892982 | KM986832 | KM893001 |
| Section Vinerlia | |||||||
| Nervilia platychila (2–3) | Federated States of Micronesia, Yap Island | Oceania | 00505651 | M. Falanruw & M. Faimau 5670 (US) | – | PQ514109 | – |
| Nervilia platychila (2–3) | Palau, Babeldaob Island | Oceania | 151L | B.J. Crain 209 (US) | PQ512872 | PQ514111 | PQ510173 |
| Nervilia platychila (2–3) | Palau, Babeldaob Island | Oceania | 173L | B.J. Crain 209 (US) | PQ512873 | PQ514112 | PQ510174 |
| Nervilia platychila (2–3) | Palau, Ngerekebesang Island | Oceania | 220L | B.J. Crain 209 (US) | PQ512871 | PQ514110 | PQ510172 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Indonesia, Sulawesi Island | Moist tropical Asia | InNp1 | P. Leong s.n. (SING) | PQ512874 | PQ514113 | PQ510175 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Taiwan, Chiayi County | Seasonal tropical Asia | CSB1 | C.-I. Chen & M.-S. Sai B (MBK) | KM892995 | KM986841 | KM893006 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | China, Yunnan Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | Y0919 | T. Yukawa 0919 (TNS) | PQ512875 | PQ514114 | PQ510176 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Malaysia, Sabah State | Moist tropical Asia | SG011 | A. Lamb AL2090/2011 (SAN) | PQ512876 | PQ514115 | PQ510177 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Nepal, Lumbini Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG010 | B. Raskoti 204 (TUCH) | PQ512877 | PQ514116 | PQ510178 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | NER16 | S. Duangjai 120416 (BKF) | MG452049 | MG452083 | MG452118 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | Myanmar | Seasonal tropical Asia | Y1204 | T. Yukawa 1204 (TNS) | PQ512878 | PQ514117 | PQ510179 |
| Nervilia plicata (2, rarely 3) | China, Hong Kong | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG1143 | S. Gale 1143 (KFBG) | PQ512879 | PQ514118 | PQ510180 |
| Section Nervilia | |||||||
| Nervilia ballii (1, rarely 2) | Malawi, Southern Region | Africa & Madagascar | Nball | B. Pettersson 299 (K) | – | PQ514080 | PQ510142 |
| Nervilia ballii (1, rarely 2) | Mozambique, Niassa Province | Africa & Madagascar | SG1663 | T. Buruwate s.n. [OrchidMAP 10071**] | – | PQ514081 | PQ510143 |
| Nervilia bicarinata (2–12) | Madagascar, Ihorombe Region | Africa & Madagascar | – | D. Roberts 542 (K) | PQ512848 | – | PQ510144 |
| Nervilia campestris (2–4) | Indonesia, Yogyakarta Province | Moist tropical Asia | – | A. Musthofa 01 (BO) | PQ512850 | – | PQ510146 |
| Nervilia carinata (1–5) | Nepal, Lumbini Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | SG003 | B. Raskoti300 (KATH) | PQ512851 | PQ514083 | PQ510147 |
| Nervilia carinata (1–5) | Myanmar, Mandalay Division | Seasonal tropical Asia | MyNa73 | W.H. Khin 024044 (MBK) | PQ512852 | PQ514084 | PQ510148 |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Palau, Peleliu Island | Oceania | 00505610 | A. Rinehart LR22619 (US) | – | PQ514092 | – |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Japan, Okinawa Prefecture | Seasonal tropical Asia | OkNa1023 | S. Gale et al. 1 (MBK) | PQ512855 | PQ514090 | PQ510153 |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Malaysia, Sabah State | Moist tropical Asia | SG001 | A. Lamb AL2091/2011 (SAN) | PQ512856 | PQ514091 | PQ510154 |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | India, Karnataka State | Seasonal tropical Asia | 00320003 | C. Saldanha & T.P. Ramamoorthy 474 (US) | – | – | PQ510151 |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Tonga, Tongatapu Island | Oceania | 00320010 | Wilkes s.n. (US) | – | – | PQ510152 |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Guam, Tamuning Village | Oceania | 00505621 | L. Raulerson 14145 (US) | – | PQ514087 | – |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Philippines, Rizal Province | Moist tropical Asia | 68020102 | M. Ramos 22683 (US) | – | PQ514088 | – |
| Nervilia concolor (4–18) | Society Islands, Tetiaroa Atoll | Oceania | 00505750 | F.R. Fosberg 54579 (US) | – | PQ514089 | – |
| Nervilia cf. concolor | Taiwan | Seasonal tropical Asia | Y0978 | T. Yukawa 0978 (TNS) | PQ512853 | PQ514085 | PQ510149 |
| Nervilia fordii (4–10) | Laos, Xayaboury Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | HNL-KFBG 0599 | S. Gale et al. HNL-KFBG 0599 (HNL) | PQ512857 | PQ514093 | PQ510155 |
| Nervilia fordii (4–10) | Laos, Xekong Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | HNL-KFBG 1119 | S. Gale et al. HNL-KFBG 1119 (HNL) | PQ512858 | PQ514094 | PQ510156 |
| Nervilia fordii (4–10) | Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | TS02 | T. Sando 02 (BKF) | MG452047 | MG452081 | MG452116 |
| Nervilia gammieana (5–8) | India, Uttarakhand State | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | S. Deva 7557 (C) | PQ512859 | PQ514095 | PQ510157 |
| Nervilia holochila (3–4) | Australia | Oceania | – | [GenBank] | AF324178 | – | – |
| Nervilia kotschyi var. kotschyi (2–8) | Kenya, Mombasa County | Africa & Madagascar | 2013-G-255 | B. Schlumpberger 2013-G-255 (Herrenhäuser Gärten) | PQ512865 | PQ514102 | PQ510164 |
| Nervilia kotschyi var. purpurata (2–8) | South Africa, Mpumalanga Province | Africa & Madagascar | SG1659 | D. McMurtry 15172 (HSMC) | PQ512866 | PQ514103 | PQ510165 |
| Nervilia maculata (1–2) | Thailand, Tak Province | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | S. Suddee et al. 5157 (BKF) | PQ512868 | PQ514105 | PQ510168 |
| Nervilia renschiana (3–8) | Mozambique, Niassa Province | Africa & Madagascar | – | T. Buruwate s.n. [OrchidMAP 10068***] | – | PQ514120 | PQ510182 |
| Nervilia shirensis (2–3) | Nigeria, Oyo State | Africa & Madagascar | – | M.W. Chase 9057 (K) | AF521066 | AY121735 | AF519945 |
| Nervilia sp. nov. 6 | Thailand | Seasonal tropical Asia | – | T. Yukawa 1208 (TNS) | PQ512888 | PQ514129 | PQ510190 |
| Outgroups | |||||||
| Corymborkis veratrifolia | Malaysia, Sabah State | – | – | A. Kocyan AK981020-1-01 (Z) | PQ512843 | PQ514075 | – |
| Gastrodia peichatieniana | China, Hong Kong | – | HK43268 | S. Gale s.n. (KFBG) | PQ512844 | PQ514076 | – |
| Habenaria dentata | China, Hong Kong | – | KFBG2126A | S. Gale SG1009 (KFBG) | PQ512845 | PQ514077 | PQ510139 |
| Monophyllorchis maculata | South America | – | – | T. Yukawa 0764 (TNS) | PQ512846 | PQ514078 | PQ510140 |
Sectional affiliation is indicated, as is the number of flowers present on the scape of each species. “-” under GenBank accession number indicates sequence unavailable.