Table 3.
The association between adolescent sport and exercise participation and body fat, skeletal muscle mass, and body mass index in adulthood
| Sports and exercise participation | No. of people | Mean body fat (%) |
Crude mean difference | Adjusted* mean difference (95% CI) | Mean muscle mass (%) |
Crude mean difference | Adjusted* mean difference (95% CI) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) |
Crude mean difference | Adjusted* mean difference (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days per week | ||||||||||||
| <1 day | 673 | 30.4 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 38.8 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 27.1 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | ||
| 1 day | 645 | 30.2 | -0.2 | -0.6 (-1.5 to 0.3) | 38.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 (-0.1 to 0.9) | 26.9 | -0.2 | -0.1 (-0.6 to 0.4) | ||
| 2–3 days | 1790 | 28.6 | -1.8 | -1.9 (-2.7 to -1.2) | 39.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.6) | 26.3 | -0.8 | -0.6 (-1.0 to -0.1) | ||
| 4–6 days | 1138 | 26.0 | -4.3 | -3.6 (-4.4 to -2.8) | 41.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 (1.7 to 2.6) | 25.8 | -1.3 | -1.0 (-1.4 to -0.5) | ||
| Every day | 357 | 23.7 | -6.7 | -4.4 (-5.4 to -3.2) | 42.9 | 4.1 | 2.6 (2.0 to 3.2) | 25.7 | -1.4 | -1.1 (-1.7 to -0.5) | ||
| Hours per week | ||||||||||||
| <1 h | 748 | 30.2 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 38.9 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 27.2 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | ||
| 1–1.5 h | 660 | 30.1 | -0.1 | -0.7 (-1.6 to 0.2) | 38.9 | 0.0 | 0.4 (-0.1 to 0.9) | 26.6 | -0.6 | -0.3 (-0.8 to 0.3) | ||
| 2–3 h | 1200 | 29.0 | -1.2 | -1.5 (-2.3 to -0.8) | 39.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | 26.4 | -0.8 | -0.6 (-1.0 to -0.1) | ||
| 4–6 h | 1243 | 27.0 | -3.1 | -3.1 (-3.8 to -2.3) | 40.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) | 25.9 | -1.3 | -1.0 (-1.4 to -0.5) | ||
| ≥7 h | 752 | 24.5 | -5.7 | -4.0 (-4.9 to -3.2) | 42.4 | 3.5 | 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9) | 25.9 | -1.3 | -1.0 (-1.5 to -0.5) | ||
| Competing in sports† | ||||||||||||
| No | 601 | 30.6 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 38.6 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | 26.7 | 0.0 (ref.) | 0.0 (ref.) | ||
| No, but used to | 1496 | 29.2 | -1.4 | -0.9 (-1.7 to -0.1) | 39.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 (0.1 to 1.0) | 26.6 | -0.1 | -0.2 (-0.7 to 0.2) | ||
| Yes | 2106 | 26.4 | -4.3 | -3.3 (-4.0 to -2.5) | 41.2 | 2.6 | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.4) | 25.8 | -0.9 | -1.0 (-0.7 to -0.5) | ||
* Adjusted for baseline age (continuous), sex (male, female), HUNT survey (Young-HUNT1, Young-HUNT3), and parental education (low, medium, high)
† 400 people with missing data
CI, Confidence interval; BMI, body mass index