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. 2025 Mar 5;25:343. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12498-y

Table 6.

Clusters structure

Clusters Country IDT (score) HC (score) GVGPH(%) HLYB (years) HLYA65 (years) LTCH(%) CHE(euro per inhabitant) SDG3(score)
Cluster A Austria 8.86 12.70 72.7 61.8 9.5 1.59 5485.57 92.6
Netherlands 11.72 15.16 73.8 60.3 9.4 3.05 5510.68 95.5
Germany 7.91 10.84 65.1 65.6 10.8 2.47 5599.48 93.4
Ireland 11.03 15.11 81.0 67.2 12.6 1.39 5688.64 94.3
Sweden 12.62 14.97 74.3 68.4 14.6 2.82 5812.60 96.9
Denmark 13.26 14.39 69.2 56.6 9.9 2.09 6223.01 95.6
Luxembourg 8.18 13.84 78.4 62.0 11.0 1.04 6402.14 96.8
Finland 13.35 17.63 72.0 61.7 10.9 1.71 4590.30 95.4
France 7.47 12.24 70.0 66.2 12 1.95 4542.27 93.4
Belgium 10.66 11.58 78.8 64.6 11.2 2.34 4789.57 93.4
Mean values of Cluster A 10.51 13.84 73.53 63.44 11.19 2.05 5464.43 94.72
Cluster B Portugal 8.43 11.03 54.2 58.3 7.9 0.51 2308.06 92.4
Slovenia 8.93 10.83 71.5 65.4 10.7 1.03 2351.11 92.5
Czechia 8.13 11.12 70.3 62 7.6 1.20 2151.86 90.5
Cyprus 8.05 9.93 77.9 65.7 9.2 0.30 2515.24 91.7
Italy 9.29 8.88 76.2 68.1 10.7 0.91 2837.00 94.2
Spain 8.57 12.60 74.0 62.8 10.5 0.95 2733.59 94.6
Malta 10.88 12.42 75.7 68.7 11.9 1.73 3064.16 91.3
Mean values of Cluster B 8.90 10.97 71.40 64.43 9.79 0.95 2565.86 92.47
Cluster C Greece 5.50 10.25 80.1 65.6 7.7 0.15 1576.75 90.7
Lithuania 8.78 10.21 52.3 57.6 6 0.52 1568.36 85.9
Latvia 5.61 10.79 54.6 53.8 4.8 0.33 1612.14 84.8
Slovakia 6.55 10.83 68.4 56.8 5 0.03 1427.52 88.3
Estonia 8.30 13.26 60.5 56.5 7 0.69 1769.74 89.9
Croatia 8.59 12.54 64.9 58.6 5.2 0.21 1195.09 87.5
Hungary 4.59 9.68 68.0 62.5 7.5 0.29 1170.72 84.2
Bulgaria 3.52 7.88 71.7 63.3 8.4 0.28 884.18 79.3
Romania 3.92 7.52 77.1 57.8 4 0.33 817.47 80.7
Poland 5.14 9.08 67.9 62.6 8.3 0.52 983.14 83.9
Mean values of Cluster C 6.05 10.20 66.55 59.51 6.39 0.34 1300.51 85.52
Mean values at UE level 8.44 11.75 70.39 62.24 9.05 1.13 3170.76 90.73

Source: authors’ construction using SPSS