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. 2025 Mar 6;25:894. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22109-4

Table 3.

Summary of variables

Variable Description Expected sign Received sign
COVID-19 Impact of COVID-19 on LE + and - + and -
HE Impact of HE on LE + and - + and -
CMR Impact of CMR on LE - -
GDP Impact of GDP on LE +  + 

This table summarises the expected and observed impact on independent variables on life expectancy

Source: Authors’ compilation based on the literature and results