Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants based on cognitive function
| Characteristic | Normal cognition N = 1080 (84.03%)1 |
Cognitive impairment N = 406 (15.97%)1 |
P value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSST score | 54 (45, 65) | 26 (21, 30) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.5 | ||
| Female | 557 (51.67%) | 187 (54.22%) | |
| Male | 523 (48.33%) | 219 (45.78%) | |
| Age | < 0.001 | ||
| 60–69 years | 593 (56.54%) | 158 (30.16%) | |
| 70–79 years | 291 (26.65%) | 134 (36.21%) | |
| ≥ 80 years | 196 (16.80%) | 114 (33.63%) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||
| Mexican American | 80 (2.49%) | 54 (9.34%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 81 (2.29%) | 76 (11.65%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 603 (84.42%) | 118 (54.89%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 197 (5.53%) | 138 (20.72%) | |
| Other/multiracial | 119 (5.28%) | 20 (3.40%) | |
| Education attainment | < 0.001 | ||
| Less Than 9th Grade | 37 (2.27%) | 138 (27.96%) | |
| 9-11th Grade | 123 (8.99%) | 90 (21.41%) | |
| High School Graduate/GED | 258 (20.50%) | 97 (25.96%) | |
| Some College or AA degree | 362 (35.61%) | 62 (18.78%) | |
| College Graduate or above | 300 (32.64%) | 19 (5.89%) | |
| Alcohol intake | < 0.001 | ||
| 1–5 drinks/month | 533 (50.44%) | 218 (50.75%) | |
| 5–10 drinks/month | 51 (4.72%) | 7 (1.24%) | |
| ≥ 10 drinks/month | 173 (18.46%) | 32 (8.12%) | |
| Non-drinker | 323 (26.38%) | 149 (39.89%) | |
| Smoking | 0.029 | ||
| Current smoker | 122 (10.27%) | 70 (15.23%) | |
| Former smoker | 439 (42.42%) | 150 (37.22%) | |
| Never smoker | 519 (47.30%) | 186 (47.55%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.8 | ||
| < 30 | 628 (58.14%) | 241 (59.34%) | |
| ≥ 30 | 452 (41.86%) | 165 (40.66%) | |
| Hypertension | 0.001 | ||
| No | 319 (33.88%) | 88 (20.05%) | |
| Yes | 761 (66.12%) | 318 (79.95%) | |
| Diabetes | 0.002 | ||
| No | 612 (63.81%) | 168 (46.68%) | |
| Yes | 468 (36.19%) | 238 (53.32%) | |
| PIR | < 0.001 | ||
| ≤ 1.3 | 267 (15.19%) | 209 (45.22%) | |
| 1.3 < to ≤ 3.5 | 463 (42.36%) | 160 (42.93%) | |
| > 3.5 | 350 (42.45%) | 37 (11.85%) | |
| Stroke | 0.003 | ||
| No | 1,015 (93.74%) | 356 (86.00%) | |
| Yes | 65 (6.26%) | 50 (14.00%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 874 (80.78%) | 301 (68.78%) | |
| Yes | 206 (19.22%) | 105 (31.22%) | |
| CKD | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 865 (81.26%) | 271 (59.00%) | |
| Yes | 215 (18.74%) | 135 (41.00%) | |
| Neutrophil count (1000 cells/uL) | 3.80 (3.00, 4.80) | 4.30 (3.30, 5.20) | 0.007 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.34 (1.11, 1.66) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.53) | 0.022 |
| NHR | 2.85 (1.93, 3.96) | 3.21 (2.38, 4.87) | 0.003 |
| NHR Group | 0.047 | ||
| NHR Low | 728 (68.41%) | 252 (58.59%) | |
| NHR High | 352 (31.59%) | 154 (41.41%) | |
| All-cause mortality | < 0.001 | ||
| Alive | 899 (85.20%) | 281 (63.69%) | |
| Death | 181 (14.80%) | 125 (36.31%) |
1Median (Q1, Q3); n (weighted %)
2Design-based Kruskal Wallis test; Pearson’s X^2: Rao & Scott adjustment