Table 2.
Anthropometric, body composition characteristics, sleep, and physical activity patterns across three tertiles of body composition indices: FMI, FFMI, and FM/FFM (N = 1741)
| Fat Mass Index (FMI) Fat-Free | Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI) | Fat Mass/ Fat-Free Mass (FM/FFM) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value | |
| Anthropometric and Body composition | ||||||||||||
| WHR | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 0.85 ± 0.03 | 0.91 ± 0.05 | < 0.001 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.89 0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 18.57 ± 1.66 | 22.18 ± 1.55 | 28.71 ± 4.30 | < 0.001 | 19.12 ± 2.22 | 22.38 ± 2.70 | 27.97 ± 4.91 | < 0.001 | 28.20 ± 4.77 | 22.29 ± 2.44 | 19.00 ± 2.11 | < 0.001 |
| BMI Categories | ||||||||||||
| Underweight | 275 (47.5) | 1 (0.17) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.001 | 237 (40.86) | 39 (6.74) | 0 (0.00) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.17) | 25 (4.31) | 250 (43.03) | < 0.001 |
| Normal | 304 (52.5) | 555 (95.7) | 83 (14.26) | 331 (57.07) | 439 (75.82) | 172 (29.55) | 145 (25.00) | 472 (81.38) | 325 (55.94) | |||
| Overweight | 0 (0.00) | 24 (4.14) | 329 (56.53) | 12 (2.07) | 100 (17.27) | 241 (41.41) | 267 (46.03) | 80 (13.79) | 6 (1.03) | |||
| Obese | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 170 (29.21) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.17) | 169 (29.04) | 167 (28.79) | 3 (0.52) | 0 (0.00) | |||
| BFM (Kg) | 13.56 ± 2.70 | 20.60 ± 2.52 | 33.17 ± 8.06 | < 0.001 | 16.24 ± 5.06 | 20.94 ± 6.47 | 30.17 ± 10.39 | < 0.001 | 28.20 ± 4.77 | 22.29 ± 2.44 | 19.00 ± 2.11 | < 0.001 |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 5.42 ± 1.02 | 8.21 ± 0.82 | 13.17 ± 3.07 | < 0.001 | 6.54 ± 2.00 | 8.37 ± 2.58 | 11.89 ± 4.05 | < 0.001 | 32.78 ± 8.46 | 20.77 ± 3.39 | 13.85 ± 3.09 | < 0.001 |
| PBF (%) | 29.02 ± 4.06 | 37.02 ± 2.69 | 45.43 ± 4.22 | < 0.001 | 33.54 ± 6.52 | 36.5 ± 7.1 | 41.40 ± 7.21 | < 0.001 | 32.78 ± 8.46 | 20.77 ± 3.39 | 13.85 ± 3.09 | < 0.001 |
| FFM (Kg) | 32.96 ± 3.78 | 35.09 ± 4.15 | 39.22 ± 5.38 | < 0.001 | 31.26 ± 2.73 | 35.15 ± 2.65 | 40.85 ± 4.44 | < 0.001 | 38.17 ± 5.70 | 35.27 ± 4.57 | 33.85 ± 4.20 | < 0.001 |
| FFMI (Kg/m2) | 13.15 ± 1.10 | 13.97 ± 1.16 | 15.54 ± 1.63 | < 0.001 | 12.58 ± 0.62 | 14.01 ± 0.37 | 16.07 ± 1.21 | < 0.001 | 15.16 ± 1.80 | 14.02 ± 1.39 | 13.48 ± 1.24 | < 0.001 |
| FFM/FM | 5.42 ± 1.02 | 8.21 ± 0.82 | 13.16 ± 3.07 | < 0.001 | 2.10 ± 0.66 | 1.85 ± 0.63 | 1.49 ± 0.49 | < 0.001 | 1.20 ± 0.17 | 1.71 ± 0.14 | 2.54 ± 0.55 | < 0.001 |
| SMM (Kg) | 17.33 ± 2.57 | 18.58 ± 2.48 | 21.07 ± 3.21 | < 0.001 | 16.28 ± 1.60 | 18.63 ± 1.54 | 22.07 ± 2.62 | < 0.001 | 20.43 ± 3.41 | 18.69 ± 2.73 | 17.87 ± 2.51 | < 0.001 |
| VFL | 5.60 ± 1.52 | 10.08 ± 1.67 | 16.23 ± 2.69 | < 0.001 | 7.77 ± 3.39 | 10.14 ± 4.11 | 14.02 ± 4.58 | < 0.001 | 16.19 ± 2.73 | 10.14 ± 1.76 | 5.61 ± 1.53 | < 0.001 |
| TBW (L) | 24.11 ± 2.77 | 25.63 ± 3.03 | 28.66 ± 3.94 | < 0.001 | 22.85 ± 1.99 | 25.69 ± 1.92 | 29.87 ± 3.24 | < 0.001 | 27.89 ± 4.18 | 25.76 ± 3.34 | 24.76 ± 3.07 | < 0.001 |
| SMI (Kg/m2) | 4.98 ± 0.56 | 5.40 ± 0.58 | 6.21 ± 0.74 | < 0.001 | 4.76 ± 0.42 | 5.44 ± 0.32 | 6.39 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 | 6.05 ± 0.83 | 5.43 ± 0.68 | 5.31 ± 0.64 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep | ||||||||||||
| Sleeping hours | 7.27 ± 2.42 | 7.34 ± 2.42 | 6.91 ± 2.18 | 0.153 | 7.24 ± 2.39 | 7.23 ± 2.24 | 7.05 ± 2.42 | 0.68 | 6.83 ± 2.15 | 7.40 ± 2.42 | 7.28 ± 2.43 | 0.048 |
| Quality of sleep | 7.40 ± 3.55 | 7.52 ± 3.37 | 7.63 ± 3.18 | 0.789 | 7.18 ± 3.35 | 7.59 ± 3.32 | 7.83 ± 3.43 | 0.151 | 7.61 ± 3.07 | 7.48 ± 3.52 | 7.46 ± 3.49 | 0.90 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||||||
| Frequency | ||||||||||||
| No exercise | 210 (36.46) | 222 (38.28) | 208 (35.74) | 0.911 | 254 (43.95) | 204 (35.29) | 182 (31.27) | < 0.001 | 231 (39.83) | 207 (35.69) | 202 (34.95) | 0.070 |
| 1–2 times /week | 173 (30.04) | 173 (29.83) | 180 (30.93) | 173 (29.93) | 189 (32.7) | 164 (28.18) | 174 (30.00) | 188 (32.41) | 164 (28.37) | |||
| 3 times / week | 92 (15.97) | 89 (15.35) | 102 (17.53) | 77 (13.32) | 98 (16.96) | 108 (18.56) | 96 (16.55) | 92 (15.86) | 95 (16.44) | |||
| > 3 times / week | 101 (17.54) | 96 (16.55) | 92 (15.81) | 74 (12.80) | 87 (15.05) | 128 (21.99) | 79 (13.62) | 93 (16.03) | 117 (20.24) | |||
| Duration | ||||||||||||
| No exercise | 97 (35.27) | 91 (34.21) | 90 (32.61) | 0.880 | 114 (39.58) | 86 (33.08) | 78 (29.00) | < 0.001 | 100 (36.50) | 87 (31.41) | 91 (34.21) | 0.708 |
| ≤ 30 min | 123 (44.73) | 114 (42.86) | 122 (44.20) | 137 (47.57) | 107 (41.15) | 115 (42.75) | 119 (43.43) | 123 (44.40) | 117 (43.99) | |||
| > 30 min | 55 (20.0) | 61 (22.93) | 64 (23.19) | 37 (12.85) | 67 (25.77) | 76 (28.25) | 55 (20.07) | 67 (24.19) | 58 (21.81) | |||
Data are presented as n (%) for BMI categories and physical activity, and as mean ± SD for the other parameters
WHR: Waist-to-Hip ratio, BFM: Body Fat Mass, FMI: Fat Mass Index, PBF: Percent of Body Fat, FFM: Free Fat Mass, FFMI: Free Fat Mass Index, SMM: Skeletal Muscle Mass, VFL: Visceral Fat Level, TBW: Total Body Water, SMI: Skeletal Muscle Index. One-Way ANOVA with Tukey test and Welch ANOVA with Games-Howell was applied for anthropometric, body composition and sleep. Chi-squared test was applied for physical activity