Table 3.
Body composition by BMI stratification
| Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obese | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric and Body composition | n = 276 | n = 942 | n = 353 | n = 170 | |
| WHR | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | < 0.001 |
| BFM (Kg) | 11.8 ± 2.4 | 19.3 ± 4.0 | 29.5 ± 4.0 | 42.8 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
| FMI (Kg/m2) | 4.7 ± 0.9 | 7.7 ± 1.5 | 11.7 ± 1.4 | 16.9 ± 2.8 | < 0.001 |
| PBF (%) | 27.3 ± 4.5 | 35.5 ± 4.7 | 43.4 ± 4.1 | 49.3 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
| FFM (Kg) | 31.3 ± 3.2 | 34.6 ± 3.7 | 38.5 ± 4.3 | 43.6 ± 5.2 | < 0.001 |
| FFMI (Kg/m2) | 12.5 ± 0.8 | 13.8 ± 1.0 | 15.3 ± 1.1 | 17.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| FFM/FM | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| SMM (kg) | 16.3 ± 1.9 | 18.3 ± 2.2 | 20.6 ± 2.6 | 23.7 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| VFL | 4.9 ± 1.5 | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 15.0 ± 2.5 | 19.1 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| TBW (L) | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 25.3 ± 2.7 | 28.1 ± 3.1 | 31.9 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
| SMI (Kg/m2) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| Sleep | n = 106 | n = 295 | n = 128 | n = 47 | |
| Sleeping hours | 7.2 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 2.5 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 7.0 ± 2.2 | 0.416 |
| Quality of sleep | 7.2 ± 3.5 | 7.4 ± 3.4 | 8.0 ± 3.4 | 7.3 ± 2.8 | 0.248 |
| Physical activity | |||||
| n = 273 | n = 942 | n = 353 | n = 170 | ||
| Frequency | |||||
| No exercise | 121 (44.3) | 341 (36.2) | 115 (32.6) | 63 (37.1) | 0.141 |
| 1–2 times /week | 83 (30.4) | 278 (29.5) | 116 (32.9) | 49 (28.8) | |
| 3 times / week | 36 (13.2) | 155 (16.5) | 62 (17.6) | 30 (17.6) | |
| > 3 times / week | 33 (12.1) | 168 (17.8) | 60 (17.0) | 28 (16.5) | |
| n = 131 | n = 437 | n = 172 | n = 77 | ||
| Duration | |||||
| No exercise | 59 (45.0) | 142 (32.5) | 52 (30.2) | 25 (32.5) | 0.021 |
| ≤ 30 min | 57 (43.5) | 190 (43.5) | 81 (47.1) | 31 (40.3) | |
| > 30 min | 15 (11.5) | 105 (24.0) | 39 (22.7) | 21 (27.3) |
Data are presented as n (%) for physical activity, and as mean ± SD for the other parameters
WHR: Waist-to-Hip ratio, BFM: Body Fat Mass, FMI: Fat Mass Index, PBF: Percent of Body Fat, FFM: Free Fat Mass, FFMI: Free Fat Mass Index, SMM: Skeletal Muscle Mass, VFL: Visceral Fat Level, TBW: Total Body Water, SMI: Skeletal Muscle Index. One-Way ANOVA with Tukey test and Welch ANOVA with Games-Howell was applied for anthropometric, body composition and sleep. Chi-squared test was applied for physical activity