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. 2025 Mar 5;25:341. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12474-6

Table 2.

Resource utilization and annual DMC of UC by types of costs per patient in 2021 (US$)

Cost categories Participants using resources, n (%) Mean (SD) % of total costs
Physician visit 235 (98.7) 49.85(27.48) 2.15
General Physician 170 (71.4) 4.90(4.15) 0.21
Specialist 184 (77.3) 17.98(13.41) 0.78
Subspecialist 223 (93.7) 26.97(17.04) 1.16
Imaging 160(67.2) 78.32(82.91) 3.38
Laboratory tests 216(90.8) 27.38 (17.22) 1.18
Outpatient nursing services 78(32.8) 31.35(53.19) 1.35
Physiotherapy 3(1.3) 0.02(1.73) 0.01
Nutritionist Consult 13(5.5) 0.09(0.39) 0.00
Psychiatrist 14(5.9) 0.90(4.56) 0.04
surgery 10(4.2) 47.83(239.71) 2.06
Hospitalization 32) 13.4) 37.38(108.18) 1.61
Medication 238(100) 881.44(815.87) 38.04
Total direct medical costs 238(100) 1154.75(853.75) 49.84

UC Ulcerative colitis, DMC Direct medical costs, SD Standard deviation