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. 2025 Mar 5;25:341. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12474-6

Table 6.

Comparison of economic costs among UC patients using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney

Variables DMC $ DNMC $ IC $ Total costs $
Total Mean(95% CI) Mean(95% CI) Mean(95% CI) Mean(95% CI)
Gender
 Women 1084.61(924.48-1244.74) 496.26(367.37-625.15) 749.22(588.31-910.14) 2330.09(2057.79-2602.39)
 Men 1222.57(1072.96-1372.18) 482.91(377.63-588.20) 598.67(466.44-730.89) 2304.15(2059.44-2548.86)
Age Group
 ≤20 1038.39(670.33-1406.45) 499.55(40.92-958.18) 1438.62(474.68-3351.93)* 2976.56(639.35-5313.77)*
 21 – 40 1215.45(1064.83-1366.07) 474.96(383.03-566.88) 699.42(574.79-824.05) 2389.83(2170.45-2609.21)
 41 – 60 1100.53(942.72-1258.34) 579.32(352.91-805.73) 603.33(411.24-795.41) 2283.18(1900.85-2665.50)
 >60 816.61(588.72-1044.50) 345.63(71.53-619.74) 387.71(88.16-687.26) 1549.96(989.82-2110.10)
Marital status
 Unmarried 1051.91(941.54-1162.28) 422.28(287.04-557.53) 585.40(384.24-786.57) 2059.59(1776.05-2343.13)
 Married 1204.43(1054.69-1354.16) 535.05(428.89-641.21) 704.90(579.01-830.79) 2444.38(2210.36-2678.39)
 Separated /widowed 967.73(606.51-1328.94) 149.48(22.52-276.45) 678.92(123.53-1234.32) 1796.13(1119.61-2472.66)
Occupation status
 Homemakers 1029.77(898.29-1161.26) 523.69(366.44-680.95) 827.72(622.52-1032.92) 2381.19(2050.91-2711.46)
 Disabled 1710.28(1106.70-2313.85) 273.15(687.46-1233.76) 330.29(724.67-1385.26) 2313.72(43.16-4670.60)
 Retired 1096.78(710.38-1483.18) 471.73(152.10-791.36) 425.27(132.51-718.04) 1993.79(1221.53-2766.05)
 Unemployed 1041.14(930.96-1151.31) 470.02(286.78-653.26) 623.36(417.26-829.46) 2134.52(1795.90-2473.14)
 Student 1161.95(818.32-1505.58) 589.14(259.80-918.48) 767.24(103.70-1430.79) 2518.33(1697.74-3338.92)
 Employed 1316.18(1050.67-1581.68) 463.91(319.39-608.44) 610.36(443.68-777.04) 2390.45(2051.68-2729.23)
Residential area
 Village 1204.03(987.09-1420.96) 399.36(274.26-524.46) 734.10(515.30-952.89) 2337.48(1966.52-2708.44)
 Urban 1141.64(1015.37-1267.92) 513.44(414.45-612.44) 656.35(538.05-774.64) 2311.43(2102.36-2520.50)
Education
 Illiterate 1301.38(809.19-1793.58) 430.09(29.23-830.96) 510.91(197.38-824.44) 2242.39(1367.52-3117.25)
 Less than 6 years 1438.37(979.41-1897.33) 587.06(250.49-923.62) 483.72(83.73-883.70) 2509.14(1692.36-3325.92)
 6–12 years 1056.01(936.97-1175.05) 446.75(337.68-555.83) 772.98(608.77-937.18) 2275.74(2026.33-2525.16)
 More than12 years 1188.35(1007.80-1368.89) 512.65(382.84-642.47) 628.15(478.56-777.73) 2329.15(2048.74-2609.55)
Complementary insurance
 Yes 1193.57(968.04-1419.11) 519.98(350.60-689.35) 729.60(516.43-942.77) 2443.15(2061.42-2824.88)
 No 1134.34(1015.70-1252.98) 473.44(383.35-563.53) 642.76(529.81-755.71) 2250.54(2057.09-2443.99)
Disease Duration
 <=5 1197.32(1059.46-1335.18) 439.21(328.86-549.57) 761.29(564.33-958.25) 2397.82(2096.33-2699.31)
 5 – 10 1044.24(927.62-1160.86) 440.40(287.43-593.36) 591.88(439.66-744.10) 2076.52(1795.96-2357.07)
 11 – 15 1314.68(843.06-1786.30) 574.75(344.38-805.12) 582.92(367.98-797.86) 2472.35(1976.91-2967.80)
 > 15 1072.66(892.89-1252.42) 609.11(351.44-866.79) 740.83(413.05-1068.62) 2422.60(1878.42-2966.78)
Use of tobacco products
 Yes 1217.23(789.23-1645.23) 379.69(155.68-603.70) 341.35(241.02-441.69) 1938.27(1488.21-2388.33)
 No 1144.69(1036.48-1252.90) 507.15(418.10-596.20) 726.02(608.36-843.68) 2377.85(2179.95-2575.75)
Primary drug
 IFX 801.07(695.21-906.93) * 590.49(415.01-765.96) 638.83(478.00-799.66) 2030.39(1779.62-2281.16) *
 ADA 1327.17(1180.00-1474.34) 440.23(352.05-528.42) 689.18(555.60-822.76) 2456.58(2217.24-2695.91)

DMC Direct medical costs, DNMC Direct non-medical costs, IC Indirect costs, CI Confidence interval, IFX  Infliximab, ADA Adalimumab, *Statisticvally significant