Table 2.
OR (95% CIs) of GDM based on preconception dietary protein intake quartile
| ≤P25 | P25 ~ P50 | P50~P75 | > P75 | P-valuea | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein | |||||||||
| Median intake(%E) | 16.14 | 19.04 | 20.93 | 23.98 | |||||
| ORs (95% CI)* | 1 | 0.86 (0.60–1.25) | 0.37 (0.25–0.54) | 0.51 (0.35–0.74) | <0.001 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)** | 1 | 0.87 (0.59–1.27) | 0.40 (0.27–0.59) | 0.53 (0.36–0.79) | 0.002 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)*** | 1 | 0.46 (0.28–0.77) | 0.13 (0.07–0.26) | 0.10 (0.04–0.27) | <0.001 | ||||
| Animal protein | |||||||||
| Median intake(%E) | 7.69 | 11.16 | 13.36 | 17.01 | |||||
| ORs (95% CI)* | 1 | 0.56 (0.38–0.80) | 0.29 (0.20–0.43) | 0.53 (0.36–0.77) | <0.001 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)** | 1 | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) | 0.32 (0.22–0.48) | 0.57 (0.39–0.84) | 0.005 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)*** | 1 | 0.60 (0.38–0.94) | 0.34 (0.20–0.56) | 0.68 (0.34–1.34) | 0.263 | ||||
| Vegetable protein | |||||||||
| Median intake(%E) | 5.58 | 7.01 | 8.23 | 9.83 | |||||
| ORs (95% CI)* | 1 | 1.02 (0.71–1.47) | 0.93 (0.65–1.34) | 1.42 (0.98–2.05) | 0.062 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)** | 1 | 1.07 (0.74–1.56) | 0.94 (0.65–1.37) | 1.40 (0.96–2.04) | 0.078 | ||||
| ORs (95% CI)*** | 1 | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.66 (0.43–0.99) | 1.04 (0.69–1.58) | 0.852 |
OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; a, Significance of the highest percentile compared with baseline; *, Logistic regression with adjustment for age and BMI; **, Logistic regression with adjustment for age, BMI, family history of diabetes, history of adverse pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure, alcohol exposure, physical activity; ***, On the basis of the previous adjustment of total calories, carbohydrate, total fat