Table 3.

A summary of the effects of SDF-1/CXCR4 in skeletal system according to various authors

Effect of SDF-1/CXCR4 in skeletal system	Reference
Increased bone marrow stem cell recruitment, greater bone repair, increased expression of osteocalcin, and RUNX2	Liu et al. 2020
Promotion of endogenous cell recruitment and cartilage matrix synthesis	Guo et al. 2023
Regulation of chondrocyte proliferation with varying outcomes	Li et al. 2021
Inhibition of SDF-1 expression promoting chondrocyte proliferation and maturation	Dai et al. 2019; Zheng et al. 2017
Induction of chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis at high concentrations	Wei et al. 2006; Hu et al. 2017
Promotion of cartilage proliferation and bone development	Li et al. 2021
Control of chondrocyte hypertrophy to promote bone development	Li et al. 2021
Link to inflammation in synovial membranes	Thomas et al. 2017
Control of osteogenic differentiation and osteoarthritis	Yang et al. 2020
Recruitment of exogenous BMSCs to osteoarthritic lesion sites for repair	Lu et al. 2015a, b
Role in disordered occlusion and chondrocyte hypertrophy	Kuang et al. 2013; Kuang et al. 2019
Upregulation in response to aberrant tensile stress	Bin et al. 2014
Role in alveolar bone metabolism and PDL regeneration	Goto et al. 2021; Xu et al. 2019
Inflammatory chemokine role during joint inflammation	Bragg et al. 2019; Kanbe et al. 2002; Kanbe et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2020