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. 2025 Feb 21;38:13790. doi: 10.3389/ti.2025.13790

TABLE 5.

Results according to eras of LT recipients converted from CNI to MMF-MT.

First Era (1999–2011) (n = 161) Second Era (2012–2023) (n = 163) P
Age (yr) 54 (22–70) 56 (19–70)
Sex (M/F) 111(68.9%)/50 (31.1%) 131 (80.4%)/32 (19.6%) 0.018
Hypertension 33 (20.5%) 17 (10.4%) 0.019
Diabetes mellitus 32 (19.9%) 47 (28.8%) 0.023
MELD Score 15 (7–23) 15 (6–35)
LT indications
 Alcoholic cirrhosis 67 (41.6%) 83 (50.9%) 0.093
 Hepatitis C virus cirrhosis 63 (39.1%) 70 (42.9%) 0.485
 Hepatocellular carcinoma 24 (14.9%) 57 (35.4%) <0.001
 Hepatitis virus B cirrhosis 24 (15%) 19 (11.7%) 0.388
Steatosis
 No
 Microsteatosis
 Macrosteatosis
 N/A

24 (14.9%)
42 (26.1%)
71 (44.1%)
24 (14.9%)

37 (22.7%)
33 (20.2%)
67 (41.1%)
26 (15.9%)
0.062
Indications of conversion from CNI to MMF-MT
 CKD alone
 CKD + Hypertension
 CKD + Hypertension + Diabetes mellitus
 CKD + Diabetes mellitus
 Diabetes mellitus
 Hypertension
 Recurrent biliary infection

42 (26.1%)
18 (11.2%)
30 (18.6%)
10 (6.2%)
26 (16.1%)
31 (19.2%)
4 (2.5%)

46 (28.2%)
37 (22.7%)
16 (9.8%)
16 (9.8%)
35 (21.5%)
11 (6.7%)
2 (1.2%)
<0.001
Post-MMF-MT acute rejection
 Diagnosis by liver biopsy
  Grade I
  Grade II
  Grade III
 Diagnosis by liver dysfunction
11 (6.8%)
6 (3.7%)
3 (1.8%)
2 (1.2%)
1 (0.6%)
5 (3.1%)
13 (7.9%)
8 (4.9%)
5 (3.1%)
3 (1.8%)
0 (0%)
5 (3.1%)
0.694
Adverse effects
 Diarrhea
 Vomiting
 Leukopenia
 Anemia
 Asthenia
26 (16.1%)
7 (4.3%)
4 (2.5%)
13 (8.1%)
1 (0.6%)
1 (0.6%)
22 (13.5%)
11 (6.7%)
2 (1.2%)
6 (3.7%)
2 (1.2%)
1 (0.6%)
0.667
Causes of MMF-MT withdrawal
De novo tumors
 Rejection
 Liver dysfunction (no liver biopsy)
 Liver retransplantation
 Kidney transplantation
 Adverse effects
  • Diarrhea
  • Leukopenia
26 (16.1%)
11 (6.7%)
4 (2.5%)
3 (1.9%)
2 (1.2%)
2 (1.2%)
4 (2.5%)
3 (1.9%)
1 (0.6%)
16 (9.8%)
2 (1.2%)
4 (2.4%)
3 (1.8%)
2 (1.2%)
1 (0.6%)
4 (2.4%)
1 (0.6%)
3 (1.8%)
0.460
Actuarial patient survival after MMF-MT
 1-y
 3-y
 5-y
 10-y

93.8%
82.3%
70.1%
51.9%

97.9%
91.8%
80.9%
64.3%
0.089