Table 4.

Segmentation time of the AI models

Study	Segmentation approach	Segmentation time
Chen, Wang, et al. [4]	ML, LINKS	15 min
Cui et al. [29]	DL	0.23 min
Ileșan et al. [32]	DL, CNN, a 3D U-Net	2 min 03 s
Kim et al. [34]	DL, modified U-Net, and a CNN	10 s
Lahoud et al. [35]	DL, deep CNN	68.64 s
Lo Giudice et al. [37]	DL, CNN	50 s
Qiu et al. [42]	DL, Single-planar CNN	2.5 min
Verhelst et al. [46]	DL, 2-stageed 3D U-Net	17 s
Vinayahalingam et al. [47]	DL, 3D U-Net	3.6 s
Wang et al. [7]	DL, mixed-scale dense (MS-D) CNN	25 s
Wang et al. [49]	ML, prior-guided sequential random forests	20 min

DL, deep learning, ML, machine learning, CNN, convolutional neural network; mins, minutes; Secs, seconds