Table 3.
Frequency and percentages of positive UDS cases for drug type by jail characteristics and arrestee demographics
| Drug Typea, b | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Drug (n = 32561) |
Cannabis (n = 22464) |
Opiates (n = 9632) |
Sedatives (n = 4029) |
Stimulants (n = 17850) |
|||||
| Variable | n | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
| Jail Characteristics | |||||||||
| Geographic Location | |||||||||
| West | 13,176 | 8105 | 61.5 | 4510 | 34.2 | 1489 | 11.3 | 8293 | 62.9 |
| South | 10,241 | 7424 | 72.5 | 2789 | 27.2 | 1506 | 14.7 | 5236 | 51.1 |
| Midwest | 9144 | 6935 | 75.8 | 2333 | 25.5 | 1034 | 11.3 | 4321 | 47.3 |
| Jail Size | |||||||||
| Medium-Large | 4322 | 2655 | 61.4 | 1499 | 34.7 | 579 | 13.4 | 2767 | 64.0 |
| Large | 15,027 | 10,487 | 69.8 | 4386 | 29.2 | 1653 | 11.0 | 8209 | 54.6 |
| Mega | 13,212 | 9322 | 70.6 | 3747 | 28.4 | 1797 | 13.6 | 6874 | 52.0 |
| Arrestee Demographics | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 20,645 | 14,502 | 70.2 | 6264 | 30.3 | 2406 | 11.7 | 11,499 | 55.7 |
| Female | 11,916 | 7962 | 66.8 | 3368 | 28.3 | 1623 | 13.6 | 6351 | 53.3 |
| Race | |||||||||
| White | 17,745 | 10,694 | 60.3 | 6704 | 37.8 | 2636 | 14.9 | 11,724 | 66.1 |
| Black | 10,917 | 9202 | 84.3 | 1829 | 16.8 | 831 | 7.6 | 3948 | 36.2 |
| Hispanic | 127 | 76 | 59.8 | 33 | 26.0 | 20 | 15.7 | 69 | 54.3 |
| Asian | 372 | 221 | 59.4 | 85 | 22.8 | 43 | 11.6 | 243 | 65.3 |
| Other | 55 | 32 | 58.2 | 16 | 29.1 | 6 | 10.9 | 44 | 80.0 |
| Unknown | 3345 | 2239 | 66.9 | 965 | 28.8 | 493 | 14.7 | 1822 | 54.5 |
| Age Group | |||||||||
| Adolescent (age 15–19) | 1399 | 1322 | 94.5 | 177 | 12.7 | 91 | 6.5 | 264 | 18.9 |
| Young Adult (age 20–39) | 19,946 | 14,532 | 72.9 | 6091 | 30.5 | 2211 | 11.1 | 10,286 | 51.6 |
| Adult (age 40–59) | 9905 | 5892 | 59.5 | 2982 | 30.1 | 1468 | 14.8 | 6556 | 66.2 |
| Senior (age 60 or older) | 1311 | 718 | 54.8 | 382 | 29.1 | 259 | 19.8 | 744 | 56.8 |
Note. Geographical location of jails coded according to the census regions of the U.S. Census Bureau 2020) (Northeast not represented). Jail size categories based on contracted bed capacity of a given facility: Medium-Large (250–499), Large (500–999), and Mega (≥ 1,000). Race Others include Indigenous, Hawaiian, and South Asian
a Frequency of positive UDS results for each drug type
b Drug Type percentages were calculated by dividing the number of UDS results positive for a given drug type by the total number of positive UDS results for each jail characteristic and arrestee demographic variable. For example, UDS result positive for Cannabis in the West was calculated using the following formula: 