Table 2.
Summary of JEV experimental infection studies with Australian vertebrate species, and mean host competence calculation from experimental infection data
| Species | Maximum infectious dose (units) and method of inoculation | Mean peak viraemia titre (units) | Overall peak viraemia titre (units) | Mean duration (d) | Percentage viraemic (total tested) | Mean host competence1 (AUC of quadratic titre curve multiplied by percentage viraemic) | Location and study year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agile wallaby (Macropus agilis) | 5 (TCID50) subcutaneous | 1.6 (TCID50) | 1.6 (TCID50) | 1 | 40% (5) | 0.2 | Australia, 200037 |
| Black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) | 6.1 (TCID50) intravenous and mosquito | 0 (PFU) | 0 (PFU) | 0 | 0 (10) | 0 | Australia, 200943 |
| Brushtailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) | 5 (TCID50) subcutaneous | 2.5 (TCID50) | 3.0 (TCID50) | 2.5 | 100% (4) | 6.0 | Australia, 200037 |
| Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 2.9 (PFU) | 3.7 (PFU) | 4.5 | 100% (10) | 10.4 | USA, 201244 |
| Chicken (Gallus domesticus) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous; 1.3 (PFU) subcutaneous | 3.4 (PFU) | 5.0 (PFU) | 3.0 | 65% (45) | 6.5 | USA, 201244; USA, 201445 |
| Cow (Bos taurus) | 9.2 (LD50) subcutaneous and mosquito | 0 (PFU, LD50) | 0 (PFU, LD50) | 0 | 0 (13) | 0 | Thailand, 197441; India, 198842 |
| Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | Mosquito | 0.2 (PFU) | 0.5 (PFU) | 1.0 | 33% (3) | 0.1 | Thailand, 197441 |
| Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) | 7.3 (PFU) subcutaneous | 3.6 (PFU) | 6.5 (PFU) | 2.2 | 84% (86) | 6.5 | USA, 201244; USA, 201445; USA, 201946 |
| Eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) | 5 (TCID50) subcutaneous | 0 (TCID50) | 0 (TCID50) | 0 | 0 (5) | 0 | Australia, 200037 |
| European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 2.8 (PFU) | 3.6 (PFU) | 3.9 | 79% (9) | 7.1 | USA, 201244 |
| Great egret (Ardea alba) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 3.8 (PFU) | 4.2 (PFU) | 4.0 | 100% (2) | 12.7 | USA, 201244 |
| 1.8 (LD50) | 1.8 (LD50) | 2.0 | 100% (1) | 3.6 | Japan, 195810 | ||
| Horse (Equus caballus) | Mosquito | 1.6 (LD50) | 2.7 (LD50) | 2.0 | 67 (3) | 2.2 | USA, 196434 |
| House sparrow (Passer domesticus) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 2.4 (PFU) | 3.7 (PFU) | 6.8 | 73 (18) | 9.7 | USA, 201244 |
| Intermediate egret (Ardea intermedia) | 4.3 (LD50) subcutaneous | 2.8 (LD50) | 2.8 (LD50) | 2.0 | 100 (1) | 5.6 | Australia, 198313 |
| Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) | Mosquito (PFU); 6.9 (LD50) subcutaneous; 7.0 (TCID50); Mosquito | 1.0 (PFU) | 2.0 (PFU) | 2.0 | 50% (2) | 0.7 | Thailand, 197441 |
| 2.3 (LD50) | 3.5 (LD50) | 2.3 | 100% (9) | 5.2 | Japan, 195911 | ||
| 3.4 (TCID50) | 5.1 (TCID50) | 3.3 | 100% (39) | 9.7 | Switzerland, 201638; China, 201840; USA, 201839; India, 196935; Australia, 200148 | ||
| Plumed egret (Ardea plumifera) | 4.9 (LD50) mosquito (viraemia in mosquito tested) | 1.7 (LD50) | 1.8 (LD50) | 2 | 100% (2) | 3.4 | Japan, 195810 |
| Ring necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 0 (PFU) | 0 (PFU) | 0 | 0 (10) | 0 | USA, 201244 |
| Rock pigeon (Columba livia) | 5.8 (PFU) subcutaneous | 3.4 (PFU) | 4.3 (PFU) | 3.5 | 90% (10) | 9.2 | USA, 201244 |
| Nankeen night heron (Nycticorax caledonicus) | 4.3 (LD50) subcutaneous | 2.8 (LD50) | 4.8 (LD50) | 2.8 | 71 (7) | 5.0 | Australia, 198313 |
| Tammar Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) | 5.0 (TCID50) subcutaneous | 0 (TCID50) | 0 (TCID50) | 0 | 0 (5) | 0 | Australia, 200037 |
| Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) | Mosquito | 0 (PFU, LD50) | 0 (PFU, LD50) | 0 | 0 (4) | 0 | India, 196841; Thailand, 197441 |
Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus.