Table 5.

Subgroup analyses on age, total hours, trial length, and duration based on the Functional Independence Measure.

Outcomes, moderating factors, and between-group/within-group comparison					Number of trials analyzed and number of participants involved		Mean difference (95% CI)		P value		I2 (%)
Functional Independence Measure
	Age (years)
		Younger (≤60.52)
			Between-group	2; N (VRTa)=283, N (CONb)=133		6.55 (2.36 to 10.75)		.002		63
			Within-group	2; N=283		11.54 (3.91 to 19.17)		.003		92
		Older ( > 60.52)
			Between-group	5; N (VRT)=205, N (CON)=199		2.68 (–0.47 to 5.83)		.10		26
			Within-group	5; N=205		15.13 (11.72 to 18.55)		<.001		36
	Total dosage (hours)
		<30
			Between-group	2; N (VRT)=87, N (CON)=83		2.07 (–4.65 to 8.79)		.55		60
			Within-group	2; N=87		17.52 (9.29 to 25.75)		<.001		71
		≥30 and <40
			Between-group	2; N (VRT)=47, N (CON)=47		5.06 (2.06 to 8.07)		.001		11
			Within-group	2; N=47		15.28 (12.62 to 17.94)		<.001		0
		≥40
			Between-group	3; N (VRT)=354, N (CON)=202		6.70 (3.46 to 9.94)		<.001		46
			Within-group	3; N=354		8.43 (5.6 to 11.26)		<.001		0
	Duration of a session (hours)
		< 1
			Between-group	1; N (VRT)=25, N (CON)=25		5.90 (–0.96 to 12.76)		.09		N/Ac
			Within-group	1; N=25		21.80 (15.33 to 28.27)		<.001		N/A
		≥1 and <2
			Between-group	3; N (VRT)=109, N (CON)=105		3.54 (–1.60 to 8.68)		.18		61
			Within-group	3; N=109		14.98 (12.54 to 17.41)		<.001		0
		≥2
			Between-group	3; N (VRT)=354, N (CON)=202		6.70 (3.46 to 9.94)		<.001		46
			Within-group	3; N=354		8.43 (5.60 to 11.26)		<.001		0
	Frequency (days/week)
		≤4
			Between-group	2; N (VRT)=87, N (CON)=83		2.07 (–4.65 to 8.79)		.55		60
			Within-group	2; N=87		17.52 (9.29 to 25.75)		<.001		71
		>4
			Between-group	5; N (VRT)=401, N (CON)=249		5.82 (3.62 to 8.03)		<.001		26
			Within-group	5; N=401		11.89 (7.31 to 16.47)		<.001		71

^aVRT: virtual reality therapy.

^bCON: conventional therapy.

^cN/A: not applicable.