Table 4. GA hyperparameters for optimizing the CNN+BiLSTM model.

Parameter	Description	Chosen value
Population size	Number of individuals in each generation	50
Selection method	Technique for choosing parents for reproduction	Roulette wheel selection
Crossover method	Technique for combining genetic material from parents	Single-point crossover
Crossover rate	Probability of performing crossover on a pair of parents	0.8
Mutation rate	Probability of randomly changing a gene in an offspring	0.03
Replacement	Method for integrating offspring into the next generation	Steady-state replacement (replace 10%)
Termination criteria	Conditions to stop the GA	Maximum generations (50)