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. 2025 Feb 21;11:e2698. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2698

Table 7. Comparison of the CNN+BiLSTM model with ML and DL models (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score).

Model Precision (%) Recall (%) F-score (%) Accuracy (%)
RF 81 80 81 82
DT 82 81 82 81
SVM 80 79 77 78
ANN 84 85 84 83
LSTM 85 84 83 85
CNN+BiLSTM with GA 96 97 96 97