Table 3. Summary of applications of ASO across various domains.

Domain	Publication
Engineering	Zhao, Wang & Zhang (2019b, 2019a), Agwa, El-Fergany & Sarhan (2019), Abde-Rahim, Shaaban & Raglend (2019), Kamel et al. (2019), Irudayaraj et al. (2020), Khokhar, Dahiya & Parmar (2020), Gour et al. (2020), Deb et al. (2020), Chaabene & Nehdi (2020), Chandan Kumar Shiva, Kumar & Kumar (2020), Khokhar, Dahiya & Parmar (2021), Amarendra, Srinivas & Rao (2021), Kumar & Sinha (2021), Al-Akayshee, Kuznetsov & Sultan (2021), Khonturaev et al. (2021), Rao, Srikanth Goud & Rami Reddy (2021), Reddy et al. (2021), Khatir et al. (2021), Ranjitha, Ponnurangam & Rajapandiyan (2021), Gupta et al. (2021), Duan et al. (2022a), Bahr et al. (2022), Bagade & Rampure (2022), Mishra et al. (2022), Tahiliani & Gupta (2022), Bie et al. (2022), Jiang et al. (2020), Dey, Banerjee & Dey (2022), Ekinci et al. (2023), Goud et al. (2023), Kala et al. (2023), Isabella, Umamaheswari & Marimuthu, 2023, Pavani et al. (2023), Sepperumal et al. (2023), Chen et al. (2023b), Sekar et al. (2023), Wang et al. (2023), Osama Abed El-Raouf et al. (2023), Kumar & Sikander (2023), Hao et al. (2023), Saadi et al. (2023), Güven & Mengi (2023), Mohamed, Hasanien & Ebrahim (2024)
Healthcare and medical applications	Surenthiran, Rajalakshmi & Sujatha (2021), Toğaçar (2022), Marzouk et al. (2022), Vadlamudi et al. (2023), Ali et al. (2024)
Internet of Things and communication	Almagboul et al. (2019), Nath, Som & Negi (2020), Elkamchouchi et al. (2022), Korkmaz & Akgüngör (2022), Al Duhayyim et al. (2022), Srinivasiah, Ranganathasharma & Ramanna (2023)
Clustering and data mining	Karadeniz, Çelik & Başaran (2023), Mao et al. (2023), Özbay, Özbay & Gharehchopogh (2024)
Environmental modeling	Cao et al. (2022), Ghimire et al. (2022), Kosasaeng et al. (2022), Ann et al. (2022), Li et al. (2023), Azma et al. (2023), Ghosh et al. (2024)
Security	Saba et al. (2021), Lavanya & Kavitha (2021), Silivery, Rao & Kumar (2023).