Table 10. Performance comparison of reinforcement learning methods across markets.

Metric	Market	Actor-Critic	PPO	DQN
Average gains (%)	Euro	2.4	2.1	1.8
	Gold	4.6	4.2	3.8
	Crude oil	5.0	4.8	4.2
Average losses (%)	Euro	0.03	0.05	0.07
	Gold	0.37	0.42	0.48
	Crude oil	0.21	0.25	0.31
Convergence time (episodes)	Euro	1,200	1,500	2,000
	Gold	1,000	1,300	1,800
	Crude oil	950	1,200	1,700
Stability (Standard deviation)	Euro	0.8	1.2	1.5
	Gold	0.6	1.0	1.4
	Crude oil	0.5	0.9	1.2