Table 5. Conventional and proposed V-Net best performing training and validation results with various evaluation metrics.

Model	Loss	Dice	IoU	Recall	Precision	Accuracy
V-Net training	−0.9848	0.9848	0.9717	0.9823	0.9873	0.9922
V-Net validation	−0.9389	0.9389	0.8909	0.9340	0.9543	0.9730
Proposed V-Net training	−0.9731	0.9708	0.9449	0.9658	0.9760	0.9853
Proposed V-Net validation	−0.9605	0.9607	0.9265	0.9525	0.9694	0.9800