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. 2025 Mar 7;39(2):e70040. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70040

TABLE 1.

Association of risk factors with EHM development.

Risk factor Categories/Units Non‐EHM EHM OR (95% CI) p
Age Years Mean (SD) 9.8 (3.4) 9.8 (2.5) 1.00 (0.91;1.10) 0.98
Median [P25th, P75th] 9 [7;11] 9 [8;11]
N (Range) 100 (5–21) 89 (5–16)
< 7y 34 (34%) 14 (15.73%) [Ref]
8–9 y 20 (20%) 31 (34.83%) 3.76 (1.63; 8.71) 0.00
10–11y 16 (16%) 24 (26.97%) 3.64 (1.50; 8.85) 0.00
> 11 y 30 (30%) 20 (22.47%) 1.62 (0.70; 3.75) 0.26
Sex Stallion N (%) 16 (15.69%) 11 (12.36%) [Ref]
Mare N (%) 41 (40.20%) 43 (48.31%) 1.53 (0.63; 3.67) 0.34
Gelding N (%) 45 (44.12%) 35 (39.33%) 1.13 (0.47; 2.74) 0.78
Mare vs other N (%) 1.39 (0.78; 2.47) 0.2
Vaccination No N (%) 77 (84.62%) 46 (54.76%)
Yes N (%) 14 (15.38%) 38 (45.24%) 4.54 (2.23; 9.27) < 0.001
Vaccination adjusted by age (categorical) 4.06 (1.94; 8.51) < 0.001
Vaccination adjusted by sex 4.41 (2.15; 9.05) < 0.001
Vaccination adjusted by breed 4.69 (2.18;10.09) < 0.001
Vaccination adjusted by country 3.99 (1.73–9.19) 0.001
Fever No N (%) 51 (50%) 0 (0%)
Yes N (%) 51 (50%) 89 (100%) NE < 0.001
Maximal Temperature °C Mean (SD) 38.0 (0.60) 38.4 (0.75) 2.49 (1.34; 4.65) 0.00
Median [P25th, P75th] 37.80 [37.70; 37.70] 38.25 [37.85; 37.85]
N (Range) 45 (37.1–40.0) 76 (36.0–40.0)

Abbreviations: NE, Not Evaluated Because of Zero Values in Cells; [Ref], Reference Category.